saivam 6

njd;dhl;L irt Mfkq;fs;

KfTiu:

M + fk; = (,iwtdplkpUe;J) tUtJ Mfkk; jpUtUs; ,wf;fk;. Mfkk; vd;w nrhy; f₃k; vd;w tpidabahfg; gpwe;jJ ‘M’ vd;w cgrh;f;fk; (Kd;ndhl;L Nrh;e;J ,wq;f) tUjy; vd;W nghUs; jUk;. (Neh;f;fhl;rpahy; ngw;w) %yf;fUj;jpy; Mfkk; mjpfhuj;Jld; tFf;fg;gl;l KjD}iyf;Fwpf;Fk;. ‘Kidtd; fz;lJ KjD}yhFk;’ NtjNkhL Mfkk; nka;ahk; ,iwtd; E}y; XJk; nghJTk; rpwg;G vd;W cd;Df (jpUke;jpuk;)

‘Ntjk; Mfkk; ,uz;Lf;Fk; NtW ghLfz;bNyk;’ vd ePyfz;l rpthr;rhhpahh; jk; gpuk#j;jpu rpthj;Jtpj irt ghbaj;jpy; $wpdhh;. “Ntj E}y; irt E}y; ,uz;L E}y;fs;” vd ,uz;bd; ,ay;igAk; kaf;fkpd;wpg; gphpj;Jf; fhl;Lfpwhh; (rpj;jp:267) mUze;jp rpthr;rhupahh;. fypAfj;jpy; Ntjk; toq;fkhl;lhJ ,t;tOf;F cyfpYs; Ntjk; tpsq;fpNdhh; tho KbahJ; mth;fs; thuh; ,q;F gpwe;j gpd; Ntjf;fhl;rp epiy (ke;jpujpU~;lh) tpUj;jpaile;jhYk; ,q;F ,Uf;f Kbahky; Ngha; tpLth;fs; vd;gh; Md;Nwhh;. ‘Ml;ghyth;f;F mUSk; tz;zKk; Mjp khz;Gk; Nfl;ghd;Gfpy; mstpy;iy’ (rk;ge;jh;)

xt;nthU Md;khtpd; gf;Ftk; Nehf;fp mt;ttUf;Fj; jpUtUs; fhl;Lk; jdpj;jdp newpNa Mfknewp. ‘Mfkk; Mfp epd;W mz;zpg;ghd;’ Nghd;w gw;gy trdq;fs; Njhj;jpu E}y;fspy; tUfpd;wd.

MWKfehtyh; irt tpdh tpilapy; ‘Mfkj;jpd; kWngah;fs; je;jpuk;> ke;jpuk;> epfkk;’ vd;whh;. ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;L Nkdhl;L Ma;thsh; Mfkk; ey;y irt nka;apay; E}y;fisf; Fwpf;Fk; vd;Wk;> je;jpuk; ,ufrpa (tpUk;gj;jfhj) fpupiafs;> gapw;rpfSld; $baJ vd;Wk; gpioahd fUj;ij Kd;itj;jhh;. Mdhy; ,g;NghJ mf;fUj;J mUfp tUfpd;wJ. 

(jh]; Fg;jhtpd; E}ypy; ,Ue;J)

je;jpuk; vd;w nrhy;ypd; gpwg;ig tpsf;fte;j jh];Fg;jh> irt mfkq;fs; my;yJ rpj;jhe;jk; kNfRtuuhy; (tlnkhopapy;) Mf;fg;gl;lit vd;gh;. Mdhy; rptjUNkhj;juj;jpy; ,it tlnkhop> gpuhfpUjk;> gpuNjrnkhopfspYk; vOjg;gl;ld vd;W $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

“rk;];fpUij: g;uhfpUijh; a];r rp~;ahE&g;j:\

Njr gh₄~hj;₃ Aghia];r Ngh₃j₄Naj; ]FU:

,jdhy; Mfkq;fs; tlnkhopapYk; rpy njd;dpe;jpa nkhopfspYk; (jkpo;> njYq;F> fd;dlk;) ngwf; $bajhapUe;jd vd;W fUj ,lk; cz;L. jh];Fg;jh rpj;jhe;jk; Kjypy; jkpopyh> tlnkhopapyh vOjg;gl;lJ vd;w thjj;ijr; Rl;bfhl;b> irtrpj;jhe;j E}y;fs; Njhd;Wtjw;F %y ce;Jjy; tlnkhop Mfkq;fs; vd Kbf;fpwhh;¹. jkpo;r; rptQhd Nghjj;ij nka;fz;lhh; nusut mfkk; ghgtpNkhrdg; glyj;jpy; ,Ue;J nkhopngah;j;Jj; jkJ jkpo;r; #j;jpuq;fshf vOjpdhh; vdr; rptQhd Kdpth; gupae;Jk; vOjpte;jij kWj;j jkpo;g; gz;bjh;khh; $w;iwAk; jh];Fg;jh Vw;ftpy;iy.

kjq;f guNkRtu Mfkk;

,jd;gb irtrhj;jpuk; ~l;gjhh;j;jq;fisAk; (MWnghUl;fisAk;)> rJ~;ghjq;fisAk; (ehd;F ghjk;) tpsf;FtJ md;W. gilg;Gj; njhlf;fj;jpy; rjhrpth; xU Nfhb nra;Al;fshfr; nra;jhh;. mij mee;jh; xU yl;rk; fpue;jq;fshfr; (nra;As;) RUf;fpdhh;. mJ NkYk; RUf;fg;gl;L 3500 fpue;jk; (nra;As;) Mapw;W. ,q;F Fwpj;j MW nghUl;fs;: 1.gjp 2.rf;jp 3.jpupgh;th 4.gR 5.Nghjk; 6.ke;jpuk;. ¹

rf;jpiaf; nfhz;Nl gjpAz;L vd ehk; mwpfpd;Nwhk;. gjp> rf;jpia cilath;. mEkhdj;jpy; ehk; xU nghUs; cz;L vd;gij> mg;nghUspd; Fzj;jpypUe;Nj mwpfpd;Nwhk;; fhuzj;ij mjidj; Njhw;wptpj;j fhupaj;jpypUe;J mDkhdpf;fpd;Nwhk;. rpy rkak; fhupaj;ij mjd; fhuzj;jpypUe;J ngWfpd;Nwhk;. xU nghUspd; cz;ikia (,Ug;ig) Ntjj;jpw; $wg;gl;lgbahy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;. ,iwtdpd; cly; ke;jpukakhdJ>² mjpypUe;J rf;jp ,wq;Ffpd;wJ. mJNt gpd;dh; cyfkhf tpUj;jpailfpd;wJ.¹ rptd;> tpe;JtpDs; GFe;J mjid tpfrpg;gpj;J mjpypUe;J gy;NtWtif cyfq;fs; Njhd;wf; fhuzk; Mfpwhh;. cyfpy; Ntw;Wik Njhd;wf; fhuzk; Md;khf;fspd; fh;kKk; FzKNk. rPthd;khf;fs; ghj;jpuk; vdpy;> fh;kk; cs;spUf;Fk; nghUs;.

rPthd;khf;fs; jj;jk; fh;kq;fs; (nrat;fSf;Fg;) nghWg;ghdit; mtw;wpd; ey;y> jPa tpisTfisg; Grpj;Nj (mEgtpj;Nj) MfNtz;Lk;. cyfpd; cw;gj;jp> jpjp> ehrk; %d;Wf;Fk; ,iwtd; fl;Lg;ghl;ljpfhup.

mbf;Fwpg;G

cyfpd; epkpj;jfhuzh; (Instrumental Cause) (elj;jp itg;gth; mtNu)> cyfpd; fhuzUk; mtNu. rf;jpfs; (Energies) rpw;rf;jp cyfpd; Kjw;fhuzk; 3.rkthapfhuzk; vdg;gLk;. ,t;Tyfk; khiaapdpd;Wk; cw;gj;jpahfpaJ #upadJ> my;yJ re;jpudJ fpuzq;fs; kyh;fis ,ay;ghf> jhNk> tpupar;nra;tJ Nghy rptd; cyifj; jkJ rd;dpjhdj;jpy; (proximity) njhw;Wtpf;fpwhh;> vt;tpj Kaw;rpAkpd;wp. (‘Iah eP Ml;nfhz;lUUk; tpisahl;L’ –jpUntk;ghit)

VO r`[ (rfr) kyq;fs; gpd;tUkhW: Nkhfk;> kjk;> (m)uhfk;> tp~hjk;> Nrh~k;> itrpj;jk;> `u;~k;> khiaapypUe;J fiyfs; njhd;Wk; mit khiaapd; JizAld; jk; nraw;ghl;il epfo;j;Jk;. ney; tpij jd;id %bAs;s ckpAld; $bNa Kisia ntspapLk;.

cyFf;F Clhf md;khf;fs; nrYj;jg;gLk; NghJ mit: cyfg;nghUl;fSld; ge;jg;gLfpd;wd;. ,j;njhlu;G thridahd (,d;g Jd;g) mDgtq;fSlDk; ,Wfg; gpzpf;fg;gLfpd;wd> ,J (m)uhfk; vdg;gLk;. ge;jq;fs; rkthak;> rkNtjk; vd;gd nghUshy; xd;Nw rptrj;jj;njhlu;G rkthaKw;W epw;Fk; nray rkNtjk;: xop tw epiwe;J epw;wy;. vy;yhNk Jd;gj;ij tpisf;Fk; (rpw;wpd;gq;fSk; Jd;gj;jpNyNa KbTWk;) MfNt Gyd; ,d;gq;fspy; gw;wpd;ikNa cz;ikahd kfpo;r;rpf;F topnra;Ak;.

fhyk;> epajp Mfpa jj;Jtq;fs; gw;wpg; gpw irt rpj;jhe;j E}y;fspw; NghyNt ,jpYk; tpsf;fk; cz;L.

khia ,iwtdplkpUe;J Njhd;Wk;; mtdJ Ez;zpa rf;jpapd; ntspg;ghlhk; khaapypUe;J gpujhdk; gupzkpf;Fk; ,J jdJ njhlf;f epiyapy; J}a cs;nghUs; my;yJ rj;jh (rj;jd;) Mk;. gpd;dh; gpw jj;Jtq;fs; mjpypUe;J gupzkpf;Fk;. mitNa Guldpd; mEgtj;Jf;F Ntz;batw;iwj; jUk;. gpufpUjpAk; GU~Dk; xd;Wf;F xd;W MjuthapUf;Fk;; ,jdhy; jj;Jtq;fSk; mDgtKk; fpilf;fg;ngWk;.

mfq;fhuk; Md;khtpDs; cl;nrwpe;J Gyd; (nghwp) fSf;$lhfg; gha;e;J (Infuse) mtw;wpd; nra;iffshfj; njhopw;gLfpwJ. ,Nj Nghyj; jd;khj;jpiuf@lhfTk; mJ (mfq;fhuk;) Cwpg;gha;e;J nraw;gLfpd;wJ vdf; $wyhk;. xUikg;ghl;bd; ikar; nraw;ghl;il epfo;j;Jk; KO csk; rhh;e;j epiyia mfq;fhuk; Fwpf;fpwJ vdyhk;. kuq;fs;> nrbfspYk; mfq;fhuk; nrwpe;J> Mdhy; kiwe;J ,Uf;fpwJ.

jh];Fg;jh (1888-1954) jkJ ,e;jpa nka;apay; tuyhw;wpd; 5Mk; ghfj;ij vOjp Kbf;Fk; jWthapy;> 1954,y; fhykhdhh;. mtuJ kidtp mjid Kbj;J 1955y; ntspapl;lhh;. mf;fhyj;jpy;  jh];Fg;jhTf;F tlnkhop Vl;Lg;gpujpfNs fpilj;jd. 1923 mstpy; NjtNfhl;il rpthfkrpj;jhe;j gupghyd rq;fk; ntspapl;l fpue;j – jkpo; Mfkq;fis mtuhy; thrpf;f Kbatpy;iy. rpj;jq;Nfzp mk;gythz ehtyh; ckhgjp rpthr;rhupahupd; ngs~;fu tpUj;jpia ntspapl;lhh;. jkpo; - fpue;jypgpapy; fhkpfhfkk; jpUr;rpapy; jpUthisf;fh rf;jpNah Ihjrpthr;rhupahuhy; rQ;rpiffshf ntspte;jJ. (1916-1918) njd;dpe;jpa mh;r;rfh; rq;fk; rpy Mfkq;fis (cjhuzk; fhkpfk; - 1985) ntspapl;lJ. mit Njtehfupapy; ,y;yhjgbahy; tl ,e;jpa> ntspAyf Ma;thsh;fSf;Ff; fpilf;ftpy;;iy. GJr;Nrhp ,e;NjhgpuQ;R epWtdk; Njtehfuj;jpy; gpnuQ;R nkhop ngah;g;Gld; ntspapl;l gy Mfkq;fs; mtUf;F fpilf;ftpy;iy. ey;yrhkpg; gps;isapd; “rpj;jhe;j jPgpfh” (rQ;rpif) fSk; Nghg;gpd (Mq;fpy) jpUthrfKNk mtUf;F cjtpd. mjdhy; mth; fUj;Jf;fs; KOikahdit my;y. 1962y; mtuJ njd;dhl;rpj; irtE}y; 2k; gjpg;G te;jJ. ,g;NghJ Rkhh; miu E}w;whz;Lf;Fs; Mfk Ma;Tfs; kpf Kd;NdwpAs;sd. mjpYk; rkPg 15 Mz;Lfs; mjpKf;fpakhdit. ,e;j cspapy; mth; fUj;ij ehk; kPsha;T nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

GJr;Nrup gpnuQ;R epWtdk; rk];fpUj – gpnuQ;R nkhopfspy; kpUNfe;jpuk; fpupahghjk;> rupahghjj;jpd; xU gFjpia gl;lehuhaz fz;lupd; tpUj;jp ciuAld; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. nusut Mfk; %d;W ghfkhf mNj epWtdj;jhy; 1961> 1972> 1988y; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. rptQhdNghj rq;fpuf gh~paj;ij (rpthf;fpuNahfp) nrd;id gy;fiyf;fofk;> 1992y; ntspapl;lJ. 1998y; nlhkpdpf; $lhypd; fpuz je;jpuk; (Mfkk;) 1> mj; 1-6 GJr;Nrupapy; ntspte;jJ. mtuJ guhf;fpia 2004y; te;jJ. mjpy; mth; jh];Fg;jhtpd; E}iy fLikahf tpkh;rpf;fpwhh;. jkJ E}ypy; (2004 gf;-14y;) $Wfpwhh;: ‘jkf;F fpilj;jitfshfpa 1.rptQhdNghjk; (gf;.24-21)> 2.kjq;fguNkRtu je;jpuk; (28-29) 3. ngs~;fuhfkk; (29-37) 4.thJshfkk; 5. thJsje;jpuk; (gf;.38-39) 7.jj;Jtg; gpufhrk; (159-172) Mfpatw;iwr; RUf;fpj; je;Js;shh;. vdpDk; xd;wpizj;Jf; fhl;LtjpNyh> gaDs;s tpsf;fq;fNsh Nrh;f;fhJ tpl;lhh;. xNu xU njhd;ikkpf;f irt rpj;jhe;j Mfkkhfpa kjq;fj;ij $l mth; cw;rhfkpd;wp> NkNyhl;lkhf ghh;itapl;lJ Nghy> tpsf;fhJtpl;lhh;. mtNu $Wfpwhh;.

NkYk; $ba tptukhd tUzidAld; Mfkq;fisg; gw;wp vOjyhk;;; Mdhy; mJ ntWk; fisg;Gj; jUk; $wpaJ $wyha;j; njupAk;. ngUk;ghyhd Mfkq;fs; xNu tplaj;ijj; jhd; jpUk;gj; jpUk;gf; $Wfpd;wd xU eilapy;> xupU NtWghLfSld; ,e;j my;yJ me;j tplaj;ij tw;GWj;jp vOJfpd;wd. ngsj;jk;> i[dk;> rhq;fpak; Nghd;w gpw kj rpe;jidfs; gw;wp XupU kWg;Giufs; tUtJz;L. ,it kpff; Fiwe;j mstpdNt. ftdnkLf;fj;jf;fit. md;W⁵ mwpthuha;r;rp rpe;jidf;F ,itfspd; gq;fspg;G VJk; ,y;iy; gilf;fg;gl;l nghUs;fspypUe;J gilg;Nghid> gad;fisf;nfhz;L fhuzid (Agent, fh;j;jh) Vw;Wf;nfhs;tNj mq;F jug;gLgit.

,e;jr; #lhd tpkh;rdk; jh];Fg;jhtpd; rpW E}yhfpa (mtuJ 4 ghfq;fSld; xg;gpLk; NghJ ,t; ,Wjpg; ghfj;Jf;F nghUe;Jk; vdpDk;> xNu ,lj;jpy; irt> cgrkag; gpupTfisj; je;jJ mf;fhyfl;lj;jpy; xU mwpKfg; gaid tpistpj;jJ vdyhk;.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

mbf;Fwpg;G

1.fh.Rg;gpukzpgps;is> ‘kNdhd;kzPak;’ Re;juk;gps;is topapy; (fhy;Lnry; ghijapy;) nrd;W tlnkhop> ghh;g;gd JNt~k; nfhz;lhh;. irt %yE}y;fs; (Ntjhfkq;fs;) fly; nfhz;l Fkupf;fz;lj;jpy; Mjpj; jkpoh; ,Ue;j NghJ mth;fs; rka E}y; Ntjk;> jkpo; kiw tbtpy; ,Ue;jJ vd;Wk;> gpd; mope;jJ vd;Wk;> Mupah; ifgh; fztha; topNa te;j NghJ nfhzh;e;j tlnkhop Ntjk; gpd;dh; jkpo; ehl;by; ghh;g;gdh; %yk; gutpaJ vd;Wk; vOjpdhh;. fPh;j;jpj;jpU mftypy; “kd;D khkiy kNfe;jpuk; mjdpy; nrhd;d Mfkk; Njhw;W tpj;jUspAk;”

1.   Vfd; mNefd;> ,Us;> fUkk;> khia ,uz;L

MWk; ,it MW Mjpapy;                (jpUtUl;gad;)

vd;w tupfSf;F> ciu tpsf;fk; vOJk; NghJ> “rptjUNkhj;jpuk;” (Mfkk;) kNfe;jpuk; nghjpa kiyf;Fj; njw;Nf cs;sJ vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lhh;.

2.   nja;tq;fspd; cUtk; ke;jpuj;jhy; MfpaJ vd;gJ njhd;W njhl;L tUk; ek;gpf;if (ngsjpf – rl –cly; md;W)

3.   Kjy;td; cyfpw;F epkpj;jfhuzd;

Kjy;td; cyFf;F Kjw;fhuzd; my;yd;

khiaNa Kjw; fhuzk;. rkthak;> rkNtjk; vd;gd nghUshy; xd;Nw rptrj;jpj; njhlu;G rkthak;; rkthaKw;W epw;Fk; nray; rkNtjk; _ xop tw epiwj;J epw;wy;.

4.   cghfkq;fSs; xd;W. jkpopy; 1tJ gukjUkhjp ,ay; Kjy; 12tJ NfhGu ,ay; tiu nra;Aspy; vOjg;gl;lJ.

5.   ,it rhjfh;fSf;F topfhl;l te;jit. rhjd newpapy; re;jpf;ff;$ba gs;sq;fisj; jtph;g;gjw;fhfj; jug;gl;ldNt md;wp> tpthj Nehf;fpy; (tha;thj nehahsUf;F) vOjg;gltpy;iy vd;W ngh.if> rp.f $Wth;. mjdhnyNa jhd; Fg;jh vjph;ghh;f;Fk; rq;fu> ghl;l> gpughfu tupirapy; khngUk; nka;apay; thj E}y;fshf ,it kyh;r;rpAwtpy;iy.

 guhf;₂a je;jpuk;

2006 gjpg;ghrpupah; KfTiu

guhf;fpa je;jpuj;jpd; RNyhf miu mbia glyk; 6 (nra;As; 14 ab)

“=kj; guhf;₂NaG+h;t th;z[ ]k;];fhu Af;Njh s h;Ndh sgp₄jh₄af:\

mNfhurpthrhupahh; jkJ ehjfhupdf tpUj;jpapy; fhl;Lfpwhh;. (12.146 – 190) mjpy; ,uhkfz;lhpd; nfhs;ifahd (thf;F. (Ngr;R) midj;ijAk; tpsf;f cjTfpd;w) kpf Ez;zpa ehjk; vd;gJ irt rpj;jhe;j E}y; kuGf;F xt;thjJ vd mNfhurpth; fUj;J ntspapl;lhh;.

ik#h; ifnaOj;Jr; Rtbf; $lj;jpy; ,uhkfz;lupd; fpuztpUj;jpiaj; NjbaNghJ> mjw;F mz;kpj;j fpuz Mfkj;ijf; fz;Nld;. mj;Jld; guhf;fpiaAk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jJ. Mdhy; njd;dpe;jpahtpy; gpw;fhyj;jpy; gioa ngaUld; vOjp itj;j gy je;jpuq;fSs; ,JTk; xd;W NghYk;;: ,ijg; Nghy> GJr;Nrup epWtdj;jpy; gw;gy cs vdf; ftdk; vlhJ tpl;Nld;. NtW ,lq;fspy; guhf;fpia vOjp itj;jpUf;ftpy;iy vd;gjhy; Mb> 1994 ,y; ik#h; nrd;W MuhayhNdd;. mJ gioaJ> J}anka;apay; rhh;e;j (fphpahguky;yhj) Mfkk; vdf;fz;L kfpo;e;Njd; Vnddpy;> mjpy; jhd; NÑkuh[h; jkJ ];th;r;e;je;jp + cj;Nahj ciu E}ypy; fhl;ba ngUksT RNyhfq;fs; cs.

GJr;Nrup ,e;Njh gpnuQ;R epWtdk; Kd;dh; gy mfkq;fis gpnuQ;R – rk];fpUj nkhopfspy; ntspapl;lJ. Mdhy; 2004y; mJ ntspapl;l cghfkkhfpa guhf;fpa je;jpuk; tlnkhopapy; 101 gf;fKk;> mjd; Mq;fpy nkhopngah;g;G 268 gf;fKk;> KfTiu tpsf;f Fwpg;Gf;fs; 135 ck; cs;slf;fpa ngUE}y;. irt Mfk Ma;thsUf;Fg; ngUtpUe;jhFk;. fyhepjp T.fNzrd; vd;w FUf;fs; FLk;gj;J ,isQupd; cjtpahy; Ke;jpa Ma;thsh; Nghyj; jkpo;> fpue;j E}y;fisg; ghuhj Fiw nlhkpdpf; Flhy; (Dominic Goodall) vd;w ,e;j Ma;thsupd; mU Kaw;rpapy; ,y;iy vd;gJ kfpo;r;rpf;FupaJ.

,jpy; fhZk; Kf;fpa fUj;Jf;fs; tUkhW: Kjy; 5 RNyhfq;fs; E}ypd; tpla mikg;ig tpsf;Ffpd;wd. gpuNjhj vd;gth; fq;iff; fiuapNy cs;s Mrpukj;jpy; trpj;j NkNyhuhfpa gpufhriu tzq;fp tpz;zg;gpj;jhh;.

‘ngupNaha;> ge;jj;jpypUe;J tpLjiy ngw cjTk; Nghjidia vdf;F mspg;gPuhf’

gpufhrh; rptid tzq;fpg; gpd;tUk; njspthd Nghjidia mUspr; nra;jhh;. ,g;Nghjid Md;k Neha;f;F rptd; vd;Dk; epyj;jpy; nropj;j %ypif kUe;jhFk;. fdpe;j ,J kfpo;r;rp jUtJ: ,dpaJ: gu (Nkyhd)jk; njhd;ikahdJkhd ,g;Nghjid gRtpd; ghrj;jisfis ntl;btpLk;: Kf;jpia mspf;Fk;. ,e;E}ypy; Ie;J gjhh;j;jq;fs; (tplaq;fs;) epWtg;gl;Ls;sd. 1.fl;Lz;l gR 2. <];tud; 3.tpj;ij (J}a mwpT) 4.Nahdp (fU) 5.Kf;jp me;j fh;kf; fl;Lfshy; (gotpid) NeUk; (,d;g Jd;g) mEgtq;fs; gw;wpa tpthj tpsf;fq;fs; tUkplq;fspy; gRj;JtNjh~k; (fl;Lz;l FiwghL) jhd; fhuzk;.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

ehtyh; jkJ irt tpdh tpilapy; Mfkj;jpd; kWngah;fs; je;jpuk;> ke;jpuk;> rpj;jhe;jk; vd %d;iwj; jUfpwhh;. mijg; gbj;j mbg;gilAs;sth;fs; Nkdhl;L Kiwapy; Mfkk; itjpf (Ntj) rhh;Gilait: je;jpuk; mitjpfkhdit vd;w uPjpapy; Iak; cWtJ fpilahJ. irt E}y;fspy; Mfkk; 28: mtw;wpd; top E}yhfpa cghfkk; 207 vd tUk;.

rptQhd rpj;jpahUf;F ciu vOjpa kiwQhd rk;ge;jh; jkJ ciuapd; xt;nthU mjpfuz ,WjpapYk; rkkhd fUj;Jf;fs; tUk; Mfk> cghfkq;fisf; fhl;bAs;shh;. rpy fh~;kPuirtk; njhlh;ghd fl;Liufspy; Rl;lg;gl;Ls;sjhy;> xU Ntis jkpo; irt rpj;jhe;j rhj;jpu E}y;fSf;F khWgl;lditNah vd;W ek;ikr; rpe;jpf;f itj;jd. Mdhy; rfyhfkgz;bjupd; top E}Yf;F ciu vOjpath; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk; NghJ> ehk; Jzpe;J cs;Ns GFe;J Ma;T nra;ayhk;.

guhf;fpa je;jpu RUf;fk;

Kd;Diu. RNyhfk; 1-5 ,e;E}y; $Wk; tpla ml;ltiz

1k; glyk; - gR ,yf;fzk;. gpwkjq;fis –ngsj;jh;> mj;itj (Vfhj;k) thjpfs; - fz;bj;jy;

2k;> 3k; glyq;fs; - gjp ,yf;fzk;. cah;e;j tpj;jpah jj;Jt Gtdq;fs; gw;wpa tpsf;fk;

4k;> 5k; glyq;fs; - khiaapd; gupzhkk;. mtw;wpYs;s Gtdq;fs;

6k; glyk; - ehjk; gw;wpa tpupthd tpsf;fk;

7k; - 13k; tiu glyq;fs; - ,q;F Nrh;f;fg;gltpy;iy. (fpupia tpsf;fj; njhlh;ghdit ,Ug;gjhy;)

14k; glyk; - Nahfk; gw;wpaJ

15k; glyk; - ehd;F rhjdq;fs;: Qhdk;> fpupia> rupia> Nahfk; gw;wpa tpsf;fk;

guhf;fpia ,e;ehd;F ngaUs;s glyq;fshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;lNjh njupahJ. ,Wjpr; nra;As; ve;jg; ghjj;Jf;F cupaJ vd;W $wtpy;iy. ,Wjp mj;jpahak; ,e;ehd;fpDs; vjpYk; rhpahfg; nghUe;jhJ. Mdhy; 6k; glyj;J 81k; nra;As;

]k;g;uj;Na~. tprhh;Naj. Kf;j;ah`;Nth s h;j;j₂gNj₃h s fp₂y:

];ke;j;utp~ak;irt th;zap~;Na j;upahj;ukfk;.

Kf;jp vd;w ,e;j tplak; KOjhf tprhupf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. (,g;nghOJ) ehd; fpupah fpukq;fis (fpupah fpukq;fis (fpupis xOq;FfisAk;) ke;jpu tplaq;fisAk; Nrh;j;J vLj;Jf; $WNtd;. (tlnkhopapy; s= mtf;fpufk; ‘m’ kiwe;jpUg;gijf; Fwpf;Fk;)

guhf;a Mrpupah; ghjk; vd;w nrhy; E}ypd; gFjpfisf; Fwpf;Fk;> jdpNa irt ehw;ghjq;fis kl;Lk; Fwpf;fhJ vd;w tplaj;ij mwpe;jpUe;jhh; vd;Nw fUjyhk;.

n`yd; G&dh; jkJ 1992y; [dhfp epidT kyupy; vOjpa irt Mfkq;fspy; tUk; ehd;F ghjq;fs; fl;Liuapy; (gf;.56-72) $WtJ Nghy Mfkq;fspy; ,e;ehd;F ghjq;fs; (irt rhjd4 ghjg; ngaUld;) mj;jpahag; ngau;fshf tUtJ gioaJk; md;W: nghJ tpjpAk; md;W. Mdhy; ,e;jf; fiyr; nrhw;gpuNahfk; guhf;fpa> fpuz (1.113) Mfkq;fspy; kl;Lkd;wp gpw rpj;jhe;j je;jpuq;fspYk; Nghy> gioaJ vd;Nw $wNtz;Lk;.

gjpg;ghrpupah; ghl Ngjq;fis mtjhdpf;Fk; El;gj;ij ,q;F fhzyhk;. ‘Kf;j;`;Nth5h;(j;)j<sub>2</sub>gNj<sub>3</sub>h5fp<sub>2</sub>y:’ vd;gJ ehd;F nghUis tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. Mdhy; fh;j;jhf;fs; kpf mUikahfNt ahg;G ,yf;fz tpjpfis kPWth;. ik#h; gpujpapy; ‘Kf;j;ah`;t: gjhh;j;Njh fp₂y: vd;wpUg;gJ ahg;ig kPwpa njhlh; vdNt mg;gb tu KbahJ. MfNt ehd; ,q;F jug;gl;ltifapy; Cfpj;J vOjpAs;Nsd;. ehd; ‘mh;j;jgj’ vd;w mjpfk; gapd;W tuj; njhlq;fpa njhliu tof;fkhd ‘gjhh;j;j’ vd;gjw;Fg; gjpyPL nra;Js;Nsd;. VL gpujp nra;jth; Gjpjhfr; Nrh;j;jpUf;fyhk;. – Ntwplq;fspy; ehd; ,e;jg; gpuNahfj;ij fz;ljpy;iy.

mg;gb vOjpath; jpl;lkpl;L ‘mh;j;jgj’ vd;W tpsf;fp vOjpdhh; vd;why;> mth; epaha fiyr; nrhy;iyj;jhd; Ntz;Lnkd;Nw Njh;e;njLj;jhh;. epahagh~h vd;w E}ypy; ‘mh;j;jgj’ q;fs; ehd;fpy; cd;w mjp₄f₂ e;jt;a (mgth;f;fk;) vd;gjhk;.

Kjyhk; glyk; caph;

fq;iff; fiuapNy cs;s gpufhrupd; Mr;rpukj;jpw;F gpuNjhjd; nrd;W mtiu tzq;fp jdf;F Qhdf;ftp Gfl;LkhW tpz;zg;gpj;jhd;. gpufhrh; rptid tzq;fp jk; Nghjidia Muk;gpf;fpwhh;. (nra;As; 1>2)

guhf;fpa je;jpuk; ,e;E}y; gw;wpa tUzid Muk;gpf;fpwJ. ,jpy; $wg;gLk;; gjhh;j;jq;fs; 5. mit fl;Lz;l Md;kh> <];tud;> gR> Nahdp> Kf;jp ,it 3 Kjy; 5 nra;Aspy; tUfpwJ. mtw;wpd; RUf;f tpsf;fk; 6 Kjy; 10 tiu cs;sJ. (nra;As; 11-14) tpsf;fg; nghUs; kuG gw;wpa tplak; tpthjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. (%yg;gpujp njsptpy;iy) (nra;As;15) Md;khtpd; ,yf;fzq;fs; jug;gl;Ls;sd. me;j xOq;fpy; glyk; KOtjpYk; tpsf;fk; jug;gLfpd;wJ.

(nra;As;51) ,y; gpuNjhgd; Md;kh kyq;fspypUe;J ePq;Ftjw;F vd;w epiyg;ghL vd Nfl;fpwhh;. gpufhrh; kyk; vd;gJ muhfk;> gioa fUkq;fs; Mfpatw;wpypUe;J NtWgl;l %ykyk; vd;w jdpg;gjhh;jj;ij tpsf;FfpwJ. (nra;As; 52-60) gpuNjhjd; Md;kh mwptpy;yhjJ. Mdhy; cly;> Gyd;fSld; ,izAk; nghOJ rpw;wwpit mtjhdpf;Fk; Mw;wiyg; ngWfpwJ. (nra;As;61). ,yf;F gpufhrh; vjph; tpsf;fkhf mwptpf;f jd;ik cz;L vd;gij tUzpf;fpwhh;. (nra;As; 62-71). (nra;As;72) ,y; gpuNjhgd; mz;lq;fspd; NtWghl;Lf;Ff; fhuzk; fUkNk vd;w fUj;ij Kd;itf;fpwhh;. mjw;F kWg;Giuia gpufhrh; Kd;itf;fpwhh;. gpuNjhgd; clNy fUj;Jj;Jtk; nra;if nra;Ak; Mw;wy; clk;Gf;Nf cupaJ. Md;khtpw;F my;y. (nra;As; 81-85) gpufhrh; md;kNk jd; fUkq;fSf;F nghWg;ghsp vd;w epiyg;ghl;il tw;GWj;Jfpd;whh;. (nra;As; 82-92) <];tud; xt;nthU md;khtpw;Fk; mJ> mJ nra;j fh;kq;fis ,izg;gNj ,iwtDila nray; vd tpsf;Ffpwhh;. m(nra;As; 93-94) KOtjpd; RUf;fk; (nra;As; 95) y; tUfpwJ.

glyk; ,uz;L gjp

(nra;As; 10): <];tudpd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs; tupirg;gLj;jg;gl;L me;j xOq;fpy; glyk; nry;Yk; vd Fwpg;ghy; czh;j;Jfpwhh;.

(nra;As; 2-11) tp];tk; KOtJk; fhupak;> <];tud; fhuzk; vd;w tplak; Fwpj;J tpdh vOg;gp tplak; jug;gLfpwJ. ,e;j tpilapy; mUe;jhgf;jp epahak; kWf;fg;gLtJ Nghy; epahak; mwpAk; Rfe;jpukhd newp vd;gJ kWf;fg;gLfpwJ. (nra;As; 9-11)

(nra;As; 12) kPkhk;rfhpy; fhzg;gl;l ,t;Tyfk; Kd;dpUe;jJ Nghy ,d;wpy;iy vd;W $Wk; fUj;J Kd;itf;fg;gLfpwJ. fd;kNk cyfk; Njhd;Wtjw;F fhuzk; vdyhk;. gpufhrh; 13-14> 15-19 ,U gFjp tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil jUfpwhh;. mwpTs;s fhuzNk milg;ig epfo;j;Jk; fd;kk; mwptilg;nghUs; md;W: nray; vd;gJ rlk; gpuNjhjd; ngsj;j

guhf;fpaje;jpu eil

guhf;fpaje;jpuj;Jf;F eilapYk; njhdpapYk; xj;Jf;fhzg;gltd kpUNfe;jpuk;> kjq;fk;> njd;ehl;L ngs~fuk; vd;gd ngs~fuk; 1k; ,uhkfz;lhUf;F gpd;dNu tbtk; ngw;wJ (1998 – 2001) vd Flhy; fUJfpwhh; ngs~fuj;jpYk; guhff;fpiaapYk; xj;Js;s gFjpfis ngs~fuNk guhf;fpiaaplk; fld; thq;fpAs;sJ vd;Wk; fUJfpwhh;. ngs~fuj;jpd; 8k; mj;jpahak; KOtJNk ,ilr;nrUf;fs; vd;W Cfpf;fyhk;: Vnddpy; xj;j gFjpfs; ,jpy; jhd; KOjhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wdhh;. NtW xU kf;fpakhd gFjp Gjpjhff; fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;lJ.

12k; E}w;whz;by; tho;e;j mNfhurpthrhupahh; jhd; Kjd; Kjy; njd;dhl;Lg; ngs~fuj;jpy; gy Gfo;; kpf;f gFjpfis vLj;Jf;fhl;bath;: Mdhy; xU NghJk; mth; ,d;d ,lj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,jid vLj;Jf;fhl;LfpNwd; vd;W Fwpj;jJ fpilahJ. mjw;F fhuzk; mth; ,uz;L tifahd ngs~fuq;fs; ,Ug;gij mtjhdpj;J ,Uf;fyhk;. (cs;Ns Vq;fp (Uncmfortable) ,Uf;fyhk;): jd;Kd;Ndhh; kw;wg; nghs~fuj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj vLj;J fhl;Lfis Njhw;wp ,Uf;fyhk; ,J rhp vd;Nw Njhd;WfpwJ mNfhurptiug; Gjpa ngs~fuj;jpypUe;J vijAk; vLj;jhstpy;iy Ke;jpa tbtE}ypypUe;Nj fhl;Lfpwhh;. mtUila vLj;Jf;fhl;L xd;W ek; tpNrlftdj;Jf;F cupaJ. Vnddpy;> mJ rkPgj;jpy; gioa ngs~fuj;jpypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;l rpW gFjpfisg; Nghyd;wp Gjpa ngs~fuj;jpy; tUfpwJ. (Qhduj;dhtsp> 1. nrd;id fPo;j;jpirr; Rtb E}yfk;> vd MSR14466> gf;.254> 2. GJr;Nrup gpnuQ;R epiyak; MST213. gf;231-2) ,jpy; Kjy; RNyhfk; jhd; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ: “,jp₃Mjpdh g;ufhe;juk; IQhduj;dhts;ahnj₃s g;u]pj;₃j₄k;” vd;W rh;tjh;rd³q;fpufj;jpd; irtkjg;gFjpapd; ,Wjpapy; tUfpwJ) 

jjh² ngs~fNu r

1-   gjph; tpj;₃ah jjh₂ tpj;ah gR ghrh+:r ~a;r fhuzk;\

je;ept;Ujht;+,jp g;Nuhf;jh: ~l;]kh]j:\\

2-   rpt:]jhrpt];j;t; <r: ]~jj;Ftdhjp G₄ tdhjp₃gp₄:/ I;NQak; gjp

gjhh;j;Njh’ s n]s ke;j;u ke;j;jNur yÑzh (gh-k; yÑzh:)

3-   rj;jph; tpj;₃ahr G₄tidh; tpj;3ahf;ar;r g;ufPh;j;jpj: / khahjj;tk;

mtpj₃jahf;a: fh;kgh₄ith; ]ng₄stid: (gh-k; ]N`htid:)

Flhy; ,jpy; tUfpw ghlNgjk; ‘rj;jph;gjhh;j; njd;’ vd;gJ ,ilr;nrhUfhy tpsf;fk; vdf; fUjfpwhh;.

4-   ]u;Nt~hk; Mj;kdhk; r+,` tp[;Qhdhfy rk;[;Qpzhk;

g;usahfy ]k;I;Qhdhk; nyfyhdhk;jij₂tr/

5-   ggh j;t ky]k;Nahfj; gjhh;j(j) gh ]k;I;epjk; gQ;jpt; ahjp

fyhe;NghNahkhaPa:gh]k;fu`s;//

6-   ]` ]j; G+ jG tid: khah fh; ghjpgp: gjhh;(j;) j: gha]k;NI;Qnah

tpI;Nea: ggptNahf[pgp://

7-   je; ept;Umj: fhuzhf; ah; gjhh;j;k; guk;gupt: jPÑhfuk]; Ng&Ngh (m)

ak; Kfj;jpAgha: g;ufPh;j;jpj://

Gjpangs~;fuj;jpy; (1>8-14) cs;s gjhh;j;jq;fNs MapDk; xd;wpypUg;gdt kw;nwhd;wpy; khwp itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

guhf;fpak;> gpw Mfkq;fspy; xj;JtUk; ,lq;fs;

guhf;fpa

guhf;fpa 2.21 d 2.122 d 3.56 d 5.6 t 6.27 a

ngs~fuk; 8k; glyk; (gy nra;Al;fis) kjq;f tpj;ahghjk; 17> 189d kjq;f tpj;ahghjk; 14> 55d kjq;f tpj;ahghjk; 3> 20 a kjq;f tpj;ahghjk; 23.85b kjq;f tpj;ahghjk; 7:44a

kjq;fKk;> guhf;fpiaAk; cs;slf;f tplaq;fspy; xj;jit vdpDk;> eilapy; NtWgl;lit. kjq;fk; ePz;lJk;> rypg;Gj;jUtJk;> nra;As; ,ilntspia epug;g tpspr; nrhw;fs; mjpfk; tputpf;fplg;gJk; Mfpa FiwghLilaJ kff; tpj;ahghjj;jpy; miur; (c-k;)> 12 (lrpd;) nra;As;fSf;F Nky;> eRk;ra (Iakpy;iy)> ,rk;rak;> jmj;u.

guhf;a je;jpu nkhopeil

rpj;jNahfP];tuPkj je;jpuj;jpypUe;J Njh;e;njLj;j rpy mj;jpahaq;fspd; tpkh;rdg; gjpg;G. tpsf;ff;Fwpg;G nkhopngah;g;GfSld; “The Dotrne of magic Female Spirits” (xf;];Nghl; gy;fiyf;fofj;Jf;F rkh;gpj;j fyhepjpg; gl;l Ma;T> gpuRukhftpy;iy. (2004)

Flhy; fpuzhfk KfTiuapy; RUf;fkhf ‘[r’ nkhop gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpl;lhh;. (1998) Mdhy; mjpy; ,k; nkhop gw;wp $l;wpahh; + N~hl;lh;kd; Fg;[pfhkj je;jpuj;jpy; tpupj;J vOjpaijf; Fwpg;gpl kwe;J tpl;lhh;. ,J> 1999y; te;jd. rpj;jNahNfkk; tup kj je;jpuj;jpy; rw;W vspikahd fz;ldj;Jld; [bw; Torzok vOjpaij ,q;F vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpwhh;.

(,j;je;jpuj;jpy; tUk;) xoq;Ff;F Ntwhd (nrhy; ,yf;fz) tbtq;fs; <rDf;F (rptDf;F) cupa nkhopapy; rpwg;ghf mike;jit vdf; fUjg;gLfpd;wd. ‘<r’ vd;w nrhw;gpuNahfk; NÑkuh[h; ];tr;re;j je;jpujPjpw;Fj; jhk; vOjpa ciuapy; Kjypy; tUfpwJ. NÑkuh[h; ,it nja;tPf (trd) eilapd; cah; mk;rq;fs; vd;W fUjpdhYk;> mit ntWk; gpioahd gpuNahfq;fs; vd mtw;iwf; fhZk;NghJ xU fw;w kdpjd; mr;rj;Jld; js;sp itg;ghd;. (ngUk; gpioahd ,yf;fzg; gpuNahfk; vd;W) xNuabahf tpyf;fptplyhfhJ.)

,k; nkhop jdf;nfdj; jdptpjpfs; cilaJ: tlnkhopapy; jhd; mjd; jsk;: Mdhy; gpuhfpUjk;> mgg;4uk;r nkhopfspd; jhf;fk; mjpy; cz;L. ‘[r’ nkhop vd miof;fg;gLtij rk];fpUjj;Jld; xg;gplKbAk;. vdpDk; mjidg; gpioahd *gpuNahf rk;];fpUjk; vdf; $wKbahJ. (,jw;F ctikahf gpl;[pd; Mq;fpy nkhopiaf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ngh.if: Njthuk;> jpUke;jpuk; Nghd;wtw;Wf;F ,yf;fzk; NtW: vdNt mtw;wpy; tUk; gpuNahfq;fis ,yf;fz tuk;Gf;F cl;glhjit vdj; js;sf;$lhJ vd;ghh;. rp.f ‘Mu;~k;’ (up~p thf;F) vdNt vkJ ,yf;fz msTNfhyhy; mtw;iw msf;f xz;zhJ vd;ghh;.

saivam 5

   KfTiu

cyfpy; Njhd;wpa njhd;ikahd kjq;fSs; rkak; vd;w rpwg;Gg; ngaNuhL tpsq;FtJ irtrkak; xd;NwahFk;. kpj; njhd;ikahd tuyhw;wpidAk; Mo;e;j jj;JtQhdf; fUj;JfsiAk;> ,dpikahd rka ,yf;fpaq;fisAk; xOf;fkhd tho;f;if KiwfisAk; nfhz;l xU rkakhf irtrkak; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. cyfpy; fhzg;gLk;; nkhopfspy;  rk];fpUjj;ij Njtnkhopnad;Wk;> rPdnkhopia myq;fhu nkhop vd;Wk; $wg;gLk; jUzj;jpy; jkpo;nkhopia gf;jpnkhop vd;W $wp ngUikg;gl;Lf;nfhs;Sk; mstpw;F irtk; nkhopiaf;$l gf;jpahf nrJf;fp ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,g;gbg;gl;l mfd;w> tphpe;J> nrwpe;j irtrkaj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w jj;Jtf; fUj;Jf;fspy; irtrkaj;Jf;Nf rpwg;ghf chpikahff; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w jj;Jtkhd irtrpj;jhe;jk; rka ,yf;fpaq;fspy; vt;thW fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gjid Muha;tNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

me;jtifapy; rka ,yf;fpaq;fspd; tiuaiwf;Fl;gl;l kpfj;njhd;ikahd %y ,yf;fpakhd Ntjq;fspy; ,Ue;J fp.gp.10k; E}w;whz;L tiuahd ehad;khH fhyk;tiu rptQhdg; Ngw;Wr; rpe;jid gy;NtW tiffspy; tsHr;rp fz;L te;Js;sJ. MapDk; Ntjq;fs; Kjy; jpUthrfk; <whf Njhd;wpa rka ,yf;fpaq;fspy; irtrpj;jhe;jf; fUj;Jfs; fhzg;gl;lNghJk; mit irtrpj;jhe;jk; vd gFj;Jiugltpy;iy. fp.gp.13k; E}w;whz;lstpy;jhd; irtrpj;jhe;jk; jd;id KOikg;gLj;jpa xU jdpj;J ,aq;Fk; jj;Jtkhf ntsp cyfpw;Fs; gpuNtrpj;jJ. kpfg; gpe;jpa fhyj;jpy; Njhw;wk; ng;ww jj;JtkhapDk; jjd; jj;Jtf; fUj;J epiy tsHr;rp Ntjq;fspy; ,Ue;Nj fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gJ Muha;r;rp KbghFk;.

,e;epiyapy; fp.gp.10k; E}w;whz;Lf;F Kw;gl;l rka ,yf;fpaq;fspy; irtrpj;jhe;j nka;apay; tsHr;rp epiyfis Muha;tjw;F>  Ma;T xOq;FKiwahf>

1.   Ntjj;jpy; irtrpj;jhe;j fUj;Jepiy

2.   cgepljq;fspy; irtrpj;jhe;jk;

3.   Mfkq;fspy; irtrpj;jhe;jg;NgW

4.   Guhzq;fspy; irtrpj;jhe;j tsHr;rp

5.   jpUKUfhw;Wg; gilapy; irtrpj;jhe;jk;

6.   jpUKiwfspy; irtrpj;jhe;jk;

7.   jpUthrfj;jpy; irtrpj;jhe;jk; vd gpd;tUk; jiyg;Gf;fspd; fPo; Muhag;gltpUf;fpd;wd. Ma;TKiwf; fl;likg;Gf;F mikthf xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;l xU Ma;TKiwahf ,J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.

Ntjj;jpy; irtrpj;jhe;j fUj;Jepiy

,e;jpa jj;Jt ,ay; ,uz;Ltopapy; Md;kPf mwptpay; Muha;r;rpapid Ntjq;fspd; CNl Muha;e;jpUf;fpwJ. Rkhh; 2500 tUlq;fSf;F Kw;gl;l ,e;j Muha;r;rp ,e;J jj;Jt ,aypy; ,d;Wtiu ngUk; jhf;fj;jpid Vw;gLj;jp tUfpd;wJ. me;j tifapy; Ntjq;fspy; Muhag;gl;bUf;fpd;w gy;NtW tplaq;fspy; ,e;j ,aypy; Muhag;glNtz;baJ irtrpj;jhe;j jj;Jt,ay; Ntjq;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wdth? mit vt;thW fhzg;gLfpd;wd? mtw;Wf;Fk; fhyj;jhy; gpd; vOe;j vOe;j irtrpj;jhe;jj;jpw;Fk; vd;d njhlh;G? irt rpj;jhe;jj;jpd; %yk; Ntjj;jpy; fUf;nfhs;fpwjh? Nghd;w gy;NtWtifg;gl;l  Nfs;tpepiy Muha;r;rpfSf;F Ntjj;jpy; tpilfhzNtz;b cs;sJ.

,e;j tifapy; fp.gp.13k; E}w;whz;by; KOik mile;J ntspte;j irtjj;Jtkhf irtrpj;jhe;jk; fhzg;gl;lNghJk; Ntjq;fspy; Muhag;gl;l flTs;> cyF> caph; vd;w Kg;nghUs; jj;Jtk; gw;wpa  Muha;r;rpjhd; irtrpj;jhe;jj;jpYk; gjp> gR> ghrk; vd;w irtrpj;jhe;j fiyr;nrhy;yhf;f topKiwapy; Muhag;gl;bUf;fpwJ. MfNt Ntjq;fSk;> irrpj;jhe;jKk; Kg;nghUs; Nfhl;ghl;il Muha;e;J Vw;wpUf;fpd;wd vd;gjpy; ,uz;Lk; xd;WgLfpd;wJ.

,dp mLj;jhf> Ntjq;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;w jj;Jtepiy Muha;r;rpfspy; irtrpj;jhe;jf; fUj;Jf;fspd; caph;g;G ve;epiyapy; fhzg;gLfpwJ vd;gij Muha;Nthkhapd;> Kjypy;> Ntjj;jp;y; $wg;gl;Ls;s gynja;tf; Nfhl;ghl;bid vLj;J Nehf;fpdhy; ,Uf;FNtjk; irtrpj;jhe;jk; $Wk; gjpahfpa rptid cUj;jpud; vd;Nw mioj;J ,e;jpud;> tUzd; Kjyhd gynja;tf;Nfhl;ghl;by; cUj;jpuid Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mw;w xU nja;thkhfTk; fPohd epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; xU nja;tkhfTk; fhl;bapUf;fpwJ. ,jid cWjp nra;Ak; tifapy; V.V. khf;ldhy;l; vd;gth; vOjpa ‘Ntjfhy Njtijf; fl;Lf;fijfs;’ (Vedic Mythology) vd;w E}ypy; cUj;jpud; gw;wpa vy;yh Ntjf;Fwpg;GfSk; njhFj;Jj; jug;ngw;Ws;sd. mjpy; mth; $Wtdtw;iwj; njhpe;Jnfhs;tjhy; kpfg; gioajhfpa ,Uf;F Ntje;njhlq;fp cUj;jpud; gw;wpa tsh;r;rpia XusT mwpa KbAk;. mf;fl;Liuapd; rpy gFjpfs; tUkhW.¹

“cUj;jpud;- ,Uf;FNtjj;jpy; kpfTk; jho;ikahd Xh; ,lj;ijNa ngw;Ws;shd;. KOtJkhf %d;Nw Njhj;jpuq;fs;(Hymns) kl;LNk cs;sd. kw;nwhU Njhj;jpuj;jpy; xUgFjp ,Ug;gJld; mtDila ngah; 75 ,lq;fspy; Ngrg;gLfpd;wd” vd;wthW mikfpd;wJ.

,e;epiyapy; ,Ue;J Nehf;fpdhy; gynja;tf;nfhs;if nfhz;l Ntjq;fspy; nja;tq;fis rkepiyapy; itj;J vz;Ztij tpl;L cUj;jpuDf;F fPohd epiy nfhLf;fg;gl;ljw;F Mhpa jpuhtpl Ngjk; fhuzkhfTk; mike;jpUf;fyhk; vd vz;zj;Njhd;WfpwJ. ,J irtrpj;jhe;jk; $Wfpd;w xU nja;tf;nfhs;iff;F khwhdjhf ,Ug;gNjhL irtrpj;jhe;jk; cah;e;j epiyapy; itj;Jg; NgRfpd;w rptid Ntjq;fs; ,opT gLj;jpapUf;fpwJ vd;Nw vz;zj;Njhd;WfpwJ.

MdhYk; ,Uf;FNtjj;jpy; cUj;jpuDf;F nfhLf;fg;gl;l jho;thd epiyAk;  mtDf;F toq;fg;gl;l njhopYNk gpw;fhyj;jpy; cUj;jpud;- rptd; vd;Dk; ehkk; nfhz;L ngUtsh;r;rp fhz;gjw;F nghpJk; cjtpaJ. ,Uf;FNtjj;jpy; cUj;jpud; vd;W ehkk;nfhz;L mQ;rj;jf;f xUtdhfTk; cUj;jpuNd gilg;gpd; tpijia cw;gj;jpnra;fpwhd;. me;j tpij G+kpapy; tpOkhW mk;nga;fpwtDk; cUj;jpuNd. jhNd fhuzkhf epd;W cw;gj;jp nra;j mjidj; jhNd Kd;dpd;W mopf;fTk; nra;fpwhd;. cUj;jpud; xd;Wf;nfhd;W Kuz;gl;l ,r;nray;fisr; nra;jy; mtDf;F ,ay;gha; mike;Js;sJ. ,e;j kz;zpy; Nkd; NkYk; Gjpa caph;tUf;fq;fs; Njhd;WkhW mtNd gilf;fg; Nghfpwhd;. ,g;gilg;Gg; njhopNy mopj;jy; njhopYf;F tpj;jha; mikfpwJ.² ,e;j njhopy; Kiwapd; tbtj;ijNa irtrpj;jhe;jk; gjpf;Fhpa njhopyhf gilj;jy;> fhj;jy;> mopj;jy; vd;gij fhl;LfpwJ. ,J Ntjj;jpy; irtrpj;jhe;j gjpf;Nfhl;ghl;il vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltjhf mikfpwJ.

Ntjfhyj;jpw;F Kd;gpUe;j ,iwgf;jpf; Nfhl;ghl;by; rptd; Kf;fpaj;Jtg;gLj;gl;l xU nja;tkhf fhzg;gl;ljhfTk; mjd; gpd; Njhd;wpa Mhpa> jpuhtpl fho;g;Gzh;T fhuzkhfNt Ntjj;jpy; rptd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mw;w jho;thd nja;tkhf fhzg;gl;lhd; vd;gij Nguhrphpah; m.rh. Qhdrk;ge;jd; mth;fs; jdJ “nghpaGuhzk; Xh; Ma;T” vd;w E}ypy; “hpf;fpy; Uj;uDf;F xJf;fg;ngw;Ws;s ,lk; kpf kpfj; jho;thd xd;W MFk;. nfhbatDk;> mr;rj;ij tpistpg;gtDk; Mfpa Uj;uDila tbtikg;Gf;fs; gy ,lq;fspy; hpf;fpy; Ngrg;gLfpd;wd.” (gf;fk; 19) vd;W Muha;e;jpUg;gjid mtjhdpf;Fk; NghJ kiwnghUshf ,d;ndhd;W tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. mjhtJ> Ntjfhyj;jpy; ,iwgf;jpf; Nfhl;ghL gaj;jpd; mbg;gilapNyNa Muk;gkhdJ. ,aw;ifapd; rPw;wq;fisf; fz;L mQ;rpa kdpjd; mr;rPw;wq;fspy; ,Ue;J jk;ikg; ghJfhf;fNt ,aw;ifj; nja;tq;fshd ,e;jpud;> tUzd;> mf;fpdp> thA Kjyhdth;fis topgl;lhd;. ,e;j topghL Ntjfhyj;jpy; gynja;tf; Nfhl;ghl;Lf;Fs; mlf;fg;gl;l NghJk; mq;F Fwpg;gplg;gLk; cUj;jpud; ,th;fs; vy;NyhiuAk; tpl nfhLikahdtd; vd;W rpj;jhpj;jjdhYk; mtDf;F toq;fg;gl;l njhopyhf gilj;jy;> fhj;jy; mopj;jy; Mfpad toq;fg;gl;bUe;jjhYk; kf;fs; cUj;jpuDf;F mQ;rp ehsiltpy; mtidNa topglj;njhlq;fpa NghJ Vidanja;tq;fs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mw;w nja;tq;fshf khwptpLtjw;F Ntjq;fNs Jiznra;jpUf;fpd;wd. ,jdhy; cUj;jpuDila tsh;r;rp cUj;jpud;-rptdhfp> jdpg;ngUk; rptdhfp irtrpj;jhe;jj;jpy; rptjj;Jtkhf tsh;rpfz;l epiyapy; Ntjj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; cUj;jpuDk; irrpj;jhe;jk; Fwpg;gpLk; rptDk; KOKjw;nghUshf fhzg;gLfpd;wd. rpj;jhe;j Kg;nghUspy; Kjw;nghUshfpa gjpapd; ghpG+uzk; Ntjj;jpYk; czug;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

NkYk; ,g; gjpf;Nfhl;ghl;by; Ntjj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk; cUj;jpud; jd; tpy;iy kuj;jpy; khl;bj; njhq;ftpl;Ltpl;L kdpjh;fis mZFk;NghJ mk; kdpjh;fSf;F kfpo;r;rpiaAk; (rk;G) ,e;j cyfpNyNa mikjpiaAk; (rq;fu) jUfpwhd; vd;W ijj;hPa ]k;`pij $WfpwJ. NkYk; mtDila mUshy; kfpo;r;rpiaAk; Jd;gj;ijAk; mtd; jUk;nghOJ rptd; vd;W ngah;ngWfpwhd;. ,JNt irtrpj;jhe;jj;jpy; ,iwtd; Md;khf;fs; kPJ nfhz;l fUizapdhy; fPopwq;fp tUjy; vd;w jlj;jepiyapid Fwpg;gjhf mike;jpUf;fpwJ. MfNt Ntjj;jpy; ,iwtdpd; nrh&gepiy> jlj;jepiy vd;w irtrpj;jhe;j gjpf;Nfhl;ghL Ngrg;gl;bUg;gJ cWjpnra;ag;gLfpwJ.

Ntjj;jpy; $wg;gLfpd;w rptjj;Jtj;jpid Nguhrphpah; m.rh.Qhdrk;ge;jd; mth;fs; jdJ ‘nghpaGuhzk; Xh; Ma;T’ vd;w E}ypy; Fwpg;gpLkplj;J “jk]; mopit Kd;tpl;Lf; fPo; Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk; ,Og;G rf;jpahFk;. jk]; vd;gJ cUj;jpuDila ,Uz;l ,lkhFk;. mjpypUe;J rq;fhu mf;fpdp NkNyhq;fp vOfpwJ. mJ ,e;j cyfpy; cs;s gU clYld; $ba ,Ug;ig mopj;J mfq;fhuj;jpypUe;J tpLjiy mspf;fpwJ. cUj;jpudpd; Mapuf;fzf;fhd mk;Gfs; jk; ,yf;if mile;jTld; rhe;jj;jpd; fhuzzhd rk;GthfTk; Mde;jk; juf;$ba rq;fudhfTk; tpLjiy ey;Fk; rptdhfTk; cUj;jpud; tpsq;Ffpwhd;. tpLjiy ey;fp kfpo;r;rp juf;$batd; Mfypd; rptd; vy;yh caph;fsplKk; me;jh;ahkpaha; tpLjiy> rhe;jk;> vd;gtw;iw ey;ff;$ba td;ik gilj;jtdha; ciwfpwhd;. xU Gy;ypd; ,iyapYk;> J}rpd; rpW JfspYk;> xypapYk;> vjpnuhypapYk;> nghwpGyd;fshy; mwpag;gLk; ,e;j cyfpy; cs;s midj;Jg; nghUs;fspYk; mtNd ciwfpwhd;.” vd;W tpsf;fpr; nry;Ykplj;J>

     “Xirxypnayhk; Mdha; ePNa………..”

vd;w jpUKiwapYk;>

     “vq;FnkitAk; vhpAWePh;Nghy;

     jq;Fk; mtd;jhNd jdp”

     “gy;yhUapUzUk; ghd;iknad NknyhUtd;

      ,y;yhjhd; vq;fs; ,iw”

vd;w jpUtUl;gad; ghlypYk;  nrhy;yg;gLk; rptg;guk;nghUspd; G+uzj;Jtk; Ntjj;jpYk; caph;ngw;wpUg;gjid epiyepWj;jf; $bajhf cs;sJ. ,jid czh;e;Jjhd; xU jilt fhQ;rpg; nghpath;fs;>

     “Ntjk; ehd;fpDk; nka;g;nghUshtJ

      ehjd; ehkk; ekr;rpthaNt”

vd;W $wp Mrptoq;fpapUf;fpwhh;fs; vd;W ‘,e;Jkj Ntjj;jpd; kfpik’ vd;w E}ypy; ahf;Qty;fpag;hpah (gf;fk; 36) Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nry;fpwhh;. MfNt ehd;F Ntjq;fspdJk; nka;g;nghUshf rpj;jhe;jk; czh;j;Jk; rptNd fhzg;gLfpwhd;.

,t;thW gjpf;Nfhl;ghl;bd; mbg;gilapy; irtrpj;jhe;jk; czh;j;Jfpd;w rptDf;Fhpa Kj;njhopYk;> ,Uf;FNtjj;jpy; cUj;jpuDf;Fhpa Kj;njhopyhf fhl;lg;gLtJk;> mopj;jiyr; nra;Ak; cUj;jpud; ,Uf;FNtjj;jpy; jiyikf;flTshfTk; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;shd;. mJkl;Lkd;wp mUsy; vd;gJk; mtdJ njhopyhf czug;gl;lJld; fhyg;Nghf;fpy; gpw;gl;l NtjE}y;fs; Kj;njhopyhw;Wk; mjpfhuq;fs; ahTk; cUj;jpuDf;Nf gbg;gbahf toq;fg;gl;Ls;sij RNtjh];tuj cgepljk; Fwpj;Jr; nry;fpwJ.³

,Uf;FNtjj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk; Kj;njhopy; epiyg;ghl;il gpd;te;j irtrpj;jhe;jk; Ie;njhopyhf Mf;fp gQ;rfpUj;jpak; nra;gtd; gjp vd tpsf;fpr;nry;fpwJ. irtrpj;jhe;jk; fhl;Lfpd;w flTl;nfhs;ifapy; KOKjw;nghUis nrh&gepiy> jlj;jepiy vd ,Uepiyapy; fhl;b> rptd; jlj;jepiyapy; Ie;njhopiyr; nra;fpwhd; vdTk; nr&gepiyapy; mtd; Ntjq;fisAk; fle;j ‘gug;gpuk;krptk;’ vd epw;fpd;whd; vdTk; Rl;br;nry;fpd;wJ. ,t;thW gjp vd;wiof;fg;gLk; rptDf;Fk; Ntjq;fspy; ,lk;ngWk; cUj;jpuDf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s njhlh;G neUf;fkhdjhf fhzg;gLfpwJ.⁴ ,j; njhlh;gpdhy;jhd; Ntjq;fspy; $wg;gl;l cUj;jpud; aRh;Ntjfhyj;jpy; Kf;fpakhd tsh;r;rpf;fl;lj;ij mile;J cUj;jpurptd; vd miof;fg;gl;lhd;.

aRh;NtjkhdJ rpt topghl;L newpf;F kl;Lkpd;wp jj;Jt fUj;Jepiy tsh;r;rpf;Fk; Kd;Ndhbahf mike;j xU Ntjkhf fhzg;gLfpwJ. jj;JtkugpNy aRh;Ntjk; cUj;jpurptid gRgjpahfTk;> itj;jpaehjdhfTk; tUzpj;Js;sikapy; gRgjpnad;gJ tpyq;Ffspd; jiytd; vd;Wk;> itj;jpaehjd; vd;gJ kUe;Jfspd; jiytd; vd;Wk; $wg;gl;lik Ntjj;jpy; irtrpj;jhe;jf; fUj;Jr; nrwpit epidT+l;LfpwJ.  

,iwtd; kUj;Jt Fzk; nfhz;ltd; vd;gij gpd;te;j jpUKiwfspy;

“$w;whapdthWgpyf;ffyPH............” vd tapw;W Neha; jPHf;f jpUehTf;furUk;

“ke;jpukhtJePW .....................................

nte;JaHjPHg;gJePW................................” vd rk;ge;jH jpUePw;Wg;gjpfk; %yk; ghz;bad; ntg;GNeha; jPu ghba rk;gtq;fSk; ,iwtd; rpwe;j kUj;Jtd; vd;gjid czHj;jp ,Uf;fpwJ.

NtjE}y;fspy; nrh&g rptj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk; #f;Fk gQ;rhl;ru ke;jpuk; eLehafkhf Nghw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,j;jifa Ntjghuk;ghpaj;ij gpd;gw;wpNa jpUke;jpuKk;> #f;FkgQ;rhl;ruk;> J}ygQ;rhl;ruk; vd;gtw;iw rpwe;j ke;jpukhf Nghw;wpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;.⁵ gpw;fhyj;jpy; vOe;j irtrpj;jhe;j ghuk;ghpaj;jpYk; mjw;F Kd;Ndhbahf vOe;j rka ,yf;fpaq;fspy; gQ;rhl;ru ke;jpuk; Nghw;wg;gl;bUg;gJ irrpj;jhe;jk; nfhz;Ls;s gjp gw;wpa Muha;r;rp Ntjj;jpy; njhlq;fg;ngWfpwJ vd;gJ cz;ikahFk;.

Ntjfhyj;jpy; Md;kh

rka jj;Jt Muha;r;rpapy; rpwg;gplk; ngWfpd;w Kg;nghUs;fspy; ,uz;lhtJ Md;kh. ekJ fz;Zf;F Gyg;glhky; xt;nthU clypYk; ,Ue;J njhopw;gLfpd;w caph; mZTf;Fg; ngah;jhd; Md;kh vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ. mj;jifa Md;khf;fs; moptpy;yhjit vd;Wk; epj;jpakhdit. cly; mopAk;NghJk; Md;kh moptjpy;iy vd;w fUj;J Ntjq;fshy; xg;Gf;nfhs;sg;gl;litahapDk; cly; mope;jgpd; Md;khTf;F vd;d epfo;fpwJ vd;gjpy; kl;LNk Ntjf;nfhs;iffSf;Fk; gpw;fhy rkajj;Jtf; nfhs;iffSf;Fk; NtWghL fhzg;gLfpwJ. Ntjq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk; Md;kh cliytpl;L ePq;fpagpd; mjd; tpidf;Nfhl;ghl;bw;F Vw;g Nkhl;rj;Jf;Nfh my;yJ eufj;Jf;Nfh nry;fpwJ. Md;khf;fSf;F kWgpwg;G cz;nld;Dk; fUj;J Ntjq;fspy; ntspg;gilahfg; fhztpy;iy mjdhy;jhd; Ntjfhyj;jpy; ,we;jthpd;cly; vhpf;fg;gl;lnjd;Wk; ,J Mhpatof;ifr; rhh;e;jnjd;Wk;> rpe;Jntsp ehfhPfj;jpy; fz;nlLf;fg;gl;l GijFopfspy; ,Ue;J mq;F ,we;jthpd; cly; Gijf;fg;gl;bUf;fyhnkd;Wk; Md;khTf;F kWgpwg;G cz;nld;w fUj;jpay;G epytpapUf;fyhk; vd;w fUj;Jepiy Muha;r;rpahsh;fshy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. vdpDk; Ntjq;fspd; Kw;gFjpahfpa ke;jpug;gFjpapNy kWgpwg;Gg; gw;wpa Fwpg;G fhzg;gltpy;iyahapDk; gpuhkzj;jpNy ,it gw;wp rpw;rpy Fwpg;Gf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,itNa gpw;fhyj;jpy; kWgpwg;Gg; gw;wpa nfhs;iffs; tpUj;jpaile;J irtrpj;jhe;jj;jpy; epiwtiltjw;F fhuzkhdJ. irtrpj;jhe;j Md;kh Muha;r;rpapaypy; fd;kf;Nfhl;ghl;bDila tpUj;jpf;F Ntjfhy Md;kh gw;wpa Muha;r;rp %yfhuzkhf ,Ue;jNghjpYk; ke;jpug;gFjpapy; Md;khTf;F kWgpg;G cz;lh? ,y;iyah? vd;gij njspthf tiuaWj;jpuhjJ Muha;r;rpf;FHpanjhd;whFk;.

Ntjq;fspy; cyF

Ntjq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; cyF gw;wpa fUj;Jepiy Muha;r;rpapy; ,e;j cyF cz;ikahjh? ngha;ahdjh? vd;gjpy; jj;Jt Qhdpfsplk; fUj;JNkhjy;fNs fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,th;fspy; Ntjhe;jpfs; cyfk; vd;gJ ntWk; ngha;j;Njhw;wNk vd;w fUj;Jepiyf; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; jkJ jj;Jt ,aiy efh;j;jpr;nry;fpd;wdh;. irtrpj;jhe;j thjpfs; cyfk; ngha;ay;y mJ ,y;yhj nghUsy;y cs;nghUNs vd;w fUjpaypD}L nry;fpd;wdh;. ,e;j ,UngUk; thjq;fspy;> cyfk; ngha;ay;y cz;ikahdJ vd;w fUj;Jepiyjhd; Ntjq;fspy; fhzg;gLtJld; ,J irtrpj;jhe;j ,aiyAk; nka;g;gpf;fpd;wJ.

,e;j cyfk; gQ;G+jq;fshy; MdJ. ,e;j cyf cw;gj;jp vt;thW epfo;e;jJ vd;gjpy; Ntjhe;jpfSk; irtrp;jhe;jpfSk; NtWgLfp;wdh;.

Ntjq;fspd; fUg;gb mwpTila xUtNd cyf cw;gj;jpf;F fhuzkhdtd;. mwpTila xUtd; mwptw;w rlg;nghUshfpa ,e;j cyif jd;dplj;jpy; ,Ue;J cw;gj;jpnra;jhdh? my;yJ rlkhfpa ,e;j cyfj;ijr; rlkhd xU %yg;nghUspy; ,Ue;J cw;gj;jpnra;jhdh? vd;w tpdhf;fSf;F jd;dplj;jpy; ,Ue;J cw;gj;jpnra;jhd; vd;W rq;fu Ntjhe;jpfs; nfhz;l nfhs;ifia cWjpnra;tjhfTk;> Gwk;ghd xU nghUshf khiaapy; ,Ue;J cw;gj;jp nra;jhd; vd;W irtrpj;jhe;jpfs; nfhz;l nfhs;iff;F MjuthfTk; Ntjq;fs; tpilaspj;jpUf;fpd;wd. MfNt irtrpj;jhe;jk; nfhz;l cyF gw;wpa Muha;r;rpAk; Ntjj;jpy; Kistpl;bUg;gjid mtjhdpf;fKbfpwJ.

Ntjfhy xU nja;tf;Nfhl;ghLk;

gpw;fhy irt rpj;jhe;j tsh;r;rpAk;

Ntjfhyj;jpNy gy nja;tf; Nfhl;ghL epytpdhYk; fhyg;Nghf;fpy; mth;fspilNa rpe;jidtsh;r;rpaile;J xU nja;tf;Nfhl;ghL vd;w epiyf;F tsh;r;rpaile;Js;sjid ,Uf;FNtj kfhthf;fpaq;fspd; %ykhf mwpaKbfpwJ. gynja;tq;fis topgLfpd;wNghJ Fwp;g;gpl;l Neuj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l rpy Njitfis epiwNtw;WKfkhf xU nja;tj;ij Vida nja;tq;fspYk; ghh;f;f cah;j;jpg; Nghw;wp ahff;fphpiafs; %ykhf topgl;l rpwg;gpid mwpe;Jnfhs;fpNwhk;. ,t;thW gpuIhgjpNa Vida nja;tq;fspYk; ghh;f;f cah;e;jnjd;W fUjpdh;. Vnddpy; kf;fSf;Fj; jiytdhf tpsq;Fk; gz;G mtdplj;jpNy fhzg;gl;likahFk;. rpy NtisfspNy ,e;jpuid cah;j;jpg; Nghw;wp topgl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. mtd; rpwe;j Nghh;tPudhfTk; Njhw;wg;nghypTk; MSikAk; mtdplj;jpNy fhzg;gl;likahFk;. ,j;jifa jpwd;fs; jkf;F Ntz;b topgl;ldh;. ,e;j rpe;jidfis njhFj;J Nehf;fpd;wNghJ xU rf;jpapidNa ntt;NtW re;jh;g;gq;fspNy ntt;NtW NjitfUjp ntt;NtW ehkq;fspdhNy topgl;bUf;fyhk; vd rpe;jpf;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,Uf;FNtjk; 1k; kz;lyk; 164tJ ghly; 46tJ thpahd “Vfk; rj; tpg;uh gFjh the;jp” mjhtJ cs;nghUs; xd;Nw  mwpQh;fs; mjid gy ehkq;fspl;L miog;gh; vd nghUs;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt Ntjfhyj;jpy; ,Wjpg;gFjpapNy gy nja;tf; Nfhl;ghl;bypUe;J xU nja;tf; Nfhl;ghL tsh;r;rpaile;jik irtrpj;jhe;j gjpf;Nfhl;ghl;bid Ntjq;fs; Vw;wpUe;jik GydhfpwJ.

NkNy $wpa xU nja;tf;Nfhl;ghL gw;wpa fUj;J gpw;fhy rka ,yf;fpaq;fspYk; jj;Jtj;JiwapYk; Kf;fpa ,lj;ij tfpf;fpd;wJ. rka ,yf;fpaq;fspNy Mfkq;fis vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; mJ $Wk; jpUf;Nfhapy; mikg;GfspNy JthughyfUila if mikjpfs; fhl;bepw;Fk; jj;Jtj;jpid Muha;fpd;wnghOJ cs;Ns ,Ug;gJ Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy ,Ug;gJ xd;Wjhd; vd;w ghtidapNy Rl;b epw;fpd;wJ. ,jidj;njhlh;e;J kzpthrfUila jpUthrfj;ij Nehf;Ffpd;wNghJ “Vfd; mNefd; ,iwtd; mb tho;f” vd;w thpfs; ftdpj;jw;Fhpad. vdNt mf;fhyj;jpNy ,iwtd; xUtNd Md;khf;fspd; Njit fUjp ntt;NtW tbtq;fspNy fhl;rp nfhLf;Fk; nghOJ nt;NtW ehkq;fisg; ngw;W tpsq;Ffpd;whd; vd;gij rpj;jhe;j thapyhf mwpfpd;Nwhk;.

Ntjfhy xOf;fj;jpy; irtrpj;jhe;jk;

Ntj fhyj;jpNy xOf;fk; gw;wpa fUj;jhdJ flTs; Nfhl;ghl;Lg; gpd;dzpapNy tpsf;fg;gl;bUg;gjidf; fhzyhk;. mf;fhyj;jpNy xOf;fkhdJ hpjk; vd;w nrhy;ypdhNy miof;fg;gl;lJ. hpjk; vd;gjw;F xOq;F epajp epakk; vd;Wk; mioj;jdh;. ,jw;Fg; nghWg;ghf tUzd; vd;w flTis Nghw;wpdh;. ,jdhNy mtDf;F hpjrpaNfhgd; vd;w ngaUk;nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. mjhtJ kdpjh;fsplj;jpNy Ngzg;gLfpd;w xOq;fpid ftdpg;gJ mtDila Kf;fpa flikahFk;. mf;fhy kdpjh;fspdJ Kf;fpa flikahdJ ehshe;jk; Nts;tp ahf fphpiafs; %ykhf ,aw;if rf;jpfis jpUj;jpg;gLj;JtJ MFk;. ,t;thW jpUg;jpg;gLj;jg;glhtpl;lhy; me;j xOf;fj;jpypUe;J tOtpath;fshfNt fUjg;gLth; mJkl;Lky;yhJ th;zDila Nfhgj;jpw;F Mshf Ntz;btUk; ga ek;gpf;ifAk; mth;fspilNa epytpaJ.

Ntjfhy xOq;F gw;wpa fUj;hdJ cgepljq;fs; ,jpfhrq;fs; Mfpa ,yf;fpaq;fspNy mwk; vd;wtifapYk; Guhzq;fspNy gf;jp vd;tifapYk; jpUKiw ,yf;fpaq;fspNy J}a md;G vd;wtifapYk; irtrpj;jhe;jj;jpNy xOf;fk;  vd;w epiyapYk; tsh;r;rpaile;jpUg;gjidf; fhzKbfpwJ.

irtrpj;jhe;jj;jpd; ,yl;rpaNk kdpjDf;F cyf Jd;gq;fspy; ,Ue;J tpLjiy mspj;J kPl;rpnfhLg;gJjhd;.⁷ tpLjiy vd;gJ Mj;k Rje;jpuk; vdf;fUjp Mj;kRje;jpuk; miljNy nka;abahh;fsJ Fwpf;NfhshFk;. ,f; Fwpf;Nfhs; epiwtiltjw;F mth; vj;jifa xOf;f elj;ijfisg; gpd;tw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;gjid irtrpj;jhe;jk; xOf;ftpaypd; CL tpsf;fpr;nry;fpd;wJ.⁸

,tw;wpNy ehy;tifxOf;fnewpfs; rpj;jhe;jj;jpNy rpwg;gplk; ngWfpd;wd. rpj;jhe;jkhdJ xOf;fnewpfisg; Nghjpg;gjpNy jd;id xU rkakhTk;> nray; topapy; mtw;wpid eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; xU tho;tpayhfTk;> ,Wjp tpLjiyailtjpNy mwpT top epd;W Qhdepiyapy; jd;id xU jj;JtkhfTk; mikj;Jf;nfhz;Ls;snjd;why; kpifahfhJ.⁹

Ntjfhyj;jpy; kf;fSf;F gaj;jpd; %ykhNt xOf;fk; Gfl;lg;gl;lJ. nja;tk; jz;bf;Fk; vd;w gaepiyNa mtid xOf;fkhd tho;T thoitj;jpUf;fpwJ. mq;F fw;gpf;g;gl;l xOf;fj;jpd; ghpzhk tsh;r;rpiaNa ehk; irtrpj;jhe;jj;jpy; ehy;tif xOf;f newpfSf;$lhff; fhz;fpNwhk;. Ntjj;jpNy xOq;FgLj;jg;glhky; fhzg;gl;l xOf;fj;ij irtrpj;jhe;jk; xOq;FgLj;jp Vw;Wf;nfhz;lJ.

cgepljq;fspy; irtrpj;jhe;jk;

,e;J ehfhPfj;jpDila ngUikfis giwrhw;wp epw;fpd;w rka jj;Jt E}y;fspNy cgepljq;fs; Kf;fpa ,lj;ij tfpf;fpd;wd. ,J ,e;J jj;Jt tuyhw;wpNy Nghw;wg;gLfpd;w gpujhdkhd 3 E}y;fspy; xd;whf itj;J vz;zg;gLfpd;wJ. Ntjj;jpd; Kbe;j Kbthd fUj;Jf;fisf; $Wk; tifapNy rpwg;Gg; ngWfpd;wJ. Ntjhe;jk; vd;w nrhy;ypdhNy ,e;jpa jj;Jtg;gug;gpy; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. fhyj;Jf;Ff; fhyk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l cz;ikia Nehf;fpa gadj;jpDila mjpKf;fpagadkhf mikfpd;wJ. jd;idj;jhNd mwpe;J nfhs;Sfpd;w xU gazkhf ,t;tpyf;fpak; ngUikngWfpd;wJ. ,jdhNy Qhdk; vd;W miof;fpd;w xU kuG epytptUfpd;wJ. ,t;tifapNy Nehf;Ffpd;wNghJ Ntjq;fs; tpl;lFiwfis epth;j;jp nra;Ak; tifapYk; fhyj;Jf;F fhyk; Ngzg;gl;l Md;kPfj;jpd; Ruq;fkhfTk; cgepljq;fs; itj;njz;zg;gLfpd;wd.

cgepljq;fspDila Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F Kd;djhf cgepljk; vd;gjDila nghUspid tpsf;fpf; nfhs;Sjy; nghUj;jkhdjhFk;. cgepljk; vd;w nrhy;ypid cg + ep +rj; vd gphpj;J nghUs; nfhs;Sfpd;NghJ FUtpd; mUfpypUe;J rpuj;ijNahL fw;fNtz;ba nkQ;Qhd ,ufrpaq;fisf; nfhz;lnjd;W ngUikgLj;jg;gl;lJ. tuyhw;wpNy 200f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l cgepljq;fs;

vOr;rpngw;wit vd;Wk; 108 cgepljq;fs; filf;fg;ngw;witnad;Wk; mtw;wpNy 12 cgepljq;fSf;F rq;fuhr;rhhpahh; ciu tFj;jhh; vd;wk; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. Kf;fpakhd cgepljq;fshtd <r> Nfd> flf> Kz;lf> khz;^f;fpa> ikj;jpuhzpa> rhe;Njf;fpa> gpurd;d Nghd;wtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. cgepljq;fs; gytifg;gl;lhYk; mtw;wpNy %d;W Kf;fpa nghUs;fs; gw;wp Muhag;gl;Ls;sJ.

mit> flTs;> Md;kh> cyfk; vd;gdthFk;. ,j;jifa fUj;Jf;fis ntt;NtW thapy;fshf vLj;Jf; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjhtJ ciuahly;> cgNjrk;> ehlfk;> tpdhtpil> fzpj vd;gdthFk;.

rka tuyhw;wpy; cgepljq;fs;

,e;J rkatuyhw;wpNy fhyj;Jf;Ff; fhyk; Nghw;wg;gl;L te;j Mj;kPf kuGfis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;fpd;w ,yf;fpaq;fspNy cgepljq;fs; Kf;fpa ,lj;ij tfpf;fpd;wd. ,e;jtifapy; cgepljq;fs; Njhw;wk; ngw;w gpd;dzpia vLj;J Nehf;Ffpd;wNghJ mQlQhdj;ijg;l Nghf;Ftjw;F vd;w rpe;jidia cs;thq;Ffpd;wnghOJ mwtho;f;ifia fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F ,e;E}y; cjtpAs;sijf; fhzyhk;.

cgepljq;fis Mf;fpath;fSk; Mf;fpa,lKk; gz;ghL guTjw;F> tsUjw;F Vw;wnjhU #o;epiyahf Fwpg;gpl mike;jpUf;fpwJ. cgepljq;fis Mf;fpath;fSf;$lhf J}a;ikaile;jth;fs; me;jf; fhyj;jpNy tho;e;jpUf;fpwhh;fs. vd;gjid mwpe;Jnfhs;fpNwhk;. NkYk; ftdpg;ghuw;Wf; fple;j tdq;fSk; tdq;fspNy fhzg;gLfpd;w kuq;fSk; vkJ tho;f;iff;F cjTtdthf mike;Js;sikapid mjh;tdNtjj;ijr; Nrh;e;j cgeplj;fs; thapyhf mwpeJnfhs;syhk;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf khz;^f;fpa cgepljk;> ifty;a cgepljk;> gpurd;d cgepljk;> Kz;lf cgepljk;> Nghd;wtw;wpD}lhf mwpe;Jnfhs;syhk;.

cgepljq;fs; xUtDila tho;T mwtho;f;ifia mbg;gilahf nfhz;lika Ntz;Lk; vd;gij rpe;jpj;jpUf;f Ntz;baJ. mjw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf tho;f;ifapDila Kjw;fl;lk; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w gpukr;rhpa epiyapid cgepljq;fs; vLj;Jf;$Wfpd;wd. gf;Ftk; mile;j khztd; xUtd; Vw;w FUit ehb mtUf;f gzptpilfs; nra;J Ik;Gyd;fis mlf;fpf; nfhz;L jdf;F Vw;gl;l re;Njfq;fspid jPh;;j;Jf;nfhs;fpwhd;. ,q;Nf FU ghuk;ghpaj;jpd; ,d;wpaikahj; jd;ikapid tpsq;fpf; nfhs;fpNwhk;. ,Jkl;Lkd;wp khztdplj;jpNy vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l gzpT flik czh;T FUgf;jp Ik;Gyd;fs; mlf;fk; vd;gd cgepljq;fs; $Wfpd;w rka rpe;jidfshf mwtho;fifg; gbj;jpwd;fshf mike;jpUf;fpd;wd. ,JNt gpd; vOe;j irtrpj;jhe;j tho;tpaypYk;> rpj;jhe;j xOf;ftpaypYk; Ngrg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. ,jid cWjpnra;Ak; tifapy; FUFyj;ijtpl;L ntspNaWfpd;w khztid Nehf;fp FUthdth; toq;Fk; MrPh;thjq;fs; xUtDila tho;f;ifapNy filg;gpbj;J xOfNtz;ba mw xOf;f rpe;jidfshf tpsq;Ffpd;wd.

1.jha; je;ijaiug; NgZjy;

2.FUit nja;tkhfg; Nghw;Wjy;

3.tpUe;jpdiu cgNjrpj;jy;

4. cz;ik NgRf

5.mwk;nra;f.

Nghd;w rpe;jidfs; kdk; nfhs;sj;jf;fitahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,e;j rpe;jidfis mbg;gilahf nfhz;L gpw;fhyj;jpNy rka ,yf;fpaq;fSk;> rkag;nghpahh;fSk; xOf;f rpe;jidfSila Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij Kjd;ikg;gLj;jpapUf;fpd;whh;fs;. ,e;j tifapNy jhlh;r;rpahf rkatuyhw;iw tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; ,yf;fpaq;fs; vOh;r;rp ngWtjw;Fk; cgepljq;fs; ,e;Jrka tuyhw;wpNY Kf;fpa ,lk; tfpj;jpUg;gNjhL gpw;gl;l fhy jj;Jttsh;r;rpf;F ,itNa cUtk; nfhLj;jpUf;fpd;wd.

NkNy $wpa tplaq;fis rw;W tpsf;FNthkhapd; gf;jp ,yf;fpaq;fs; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w jpUKiwfs; $Wfpd;w rka xOf;fj;jpw;F cgepljq;fs; topfhl;bahf mike;jpUf;fpd;wJ. “jhapDk; ey;y jiytnud;wbahy;……….” vd;gjw;fpzq;f jha;je;ijaiu tho;f;ifapNy Kjd;ikg;gLj;jpapUg;gij fhzyhk;. Xhplj;jpNY mwk;nra tpUk;G> MWtJ rpdk; vd;wJ ,it xU kdpjDila tho;f;if topfhl;bfshf mike;jpUf;fpd;wd. mJkl;Lkd;wp RthkptpNtfhde;jh; rkaj;ij cyfyhtpa hPjpapNy gug;Gtjw;F mbg;ilahf cgepljq;fs; $Wfpd;w xOf;f rpe;jidfs; mike;jpUf;fpd;wd.

cgepljq;fs; ,yFthd rka topghl;bid Kjd;ikg;gLj;jpapuf;fpd;wd. mJNt jpahdk; vdg;gLk;.  ,jw;F nghUNsh fhyNkh ,lNkh Njitapy;iy. Ik;Gyid mlf;fpa J}a;ikahd xNu Fwpf;Nfhisf; nfhz;l cs;sNk NjitadjhFk;. vdNt Nahfjj;Jtq;fs; vOh;r;rp ngWtjw;Fk; fhyj;jf;Ff; fhyk; tsh;r;rpaile;Jte;j rka topghl;L kuGfis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; cgepljq;fs; topfhl;ba tifapNy ,e;Jrka tuyhw;wpy; Kf;fpa ,lj;ij tfpf;fpd;wd.

NkYk; cgepljq;fs; rkaj;jpd; Clhf tsh;r;rpaile;j jj;Jtrpe;jidfSf;F tpj;jpl;bUf;fpd;wd. cjhuzkhf flTs;> Md;kh> cyF> fd;kk;> kWgpwg;G> khia> Nghd;wit gw;wp vLj;J Muha;e;j tifapNy Kf;fpa ,lj;ij tfpg;gNjhL irtrpj;jhe;j jj;Jttsh;r;rpf;Fk; ,itNa fhuzkhd epiyapy; irtrpj;jhe;jj;jpd; fUT+y;fs; cgepljq;fNs vd;W nrhy;Yk; mstpw;W rpwg;Gw;wpUf;fpd;wd.

cgepljq;fspy; gpukKk; >irtrpj;jhe;j fUj;Jepiy tsh;r;rpAk;

cgepljq;fisf; nfhz;L gpukk; gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fis Muha;fpd;wnghOJ mq;Nf tpsq;f Kbahj xU nghUshfTk; $wg;gl;bUj;jiy ciuahly;fspy; ,Ue;J tpsq;fpf; nfhs;fpNwhk;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf Xd;iw Nehf;FNthkhapd; Qhf;fpaty;ypaUf;Fk; fhh;f;fpf;Fk; ,ilNa eilngw;w ciuahlypy; ,Ue;J rpU\;bf;F Mjhuk; vJntd tpdtpaNghJ Qhf;fpa ty;ypah;>

‘mJ  moptw;wJkhfpa gpukk; me;j moptw;wnghUs; jbg;ghdJky;y ePz;lJky;y FWfpaJky;y ,UshdJky;y xspahdJky;y> vd tpsf;Ffpwhh;.  njhFj;J Nehf;Fk;NghJ fz;Zf;Ff; Gydhfhj tbtkw;w ehkkw;w xU nghUNs gpukk; vd mwpe;J nfhs;fpNwhk;.

gpUfjhuzpa cgepljj;jpNy gpukk; gw;wp gy;NtWgl;l tpsf;fq;fis nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sjid fhzyhk;. mq;Nf rPlh;fis Nehf;fp kiwnghUs; gw;wp vLj;Jf;$Wtjdhy; “,Jty;y ,Jty;y” vd kWj;Jf;$wp gpukk; gw;wp tpsf;fg;gl;bUg;gjidf; fhzyhk;. Fwpg;ghf #hpad; re;jpud;> kpd;dy;> Mfhak;> ePh;> neUg;G fhw;W> jpirfs;> Nghd;witahTk; gpukj;Jf;F tpsf;fkhf; $wg;gLfpwJ.

cgepljq;fspNy gpukk; gw;wp $Wifapy; cyfpd; mbg;girl; rf;jpia gpukk; vdTk; rpyrkak; Mj;kd; vdTk; mioj;J;sikiaf; fhzyhk;. ,q;F Mj;kd; vd;w nrhy; gpukj;jpd; kWngauhfNt $wg;gLfpwJ. rpy cgepljq;fspNy njsptw;w njhlh;gw;w fUj;Jf;fSk; ,lk;ngw;wpUf;fpd;wd. ,g;gbahd fUj;Jf;fNs gpw;fhyj;jpy; vOe;j jj;Jt tpsf;fq;fSk; mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfis ntt;NtW tifapy; vLj;J Muha;tjw;F fhuzkhf ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;. cjhuzkhf gpUfjhuzpa cgepljj;jpd; 1k; mj;jpahaj;jpy; ‘Mjpapy; ,t; cyfnky;yhk; gpukkhf ,Ue;jJ.’ vd;w $w;Wf; fhzg;gLfpwJ. mNj cgepljj;jpy; ,d;ndhU gFjpapNy Mjpapy; Mj;kd; xd;Wjhd; jdpahf ,Ue;jJ vd;w $w;wK; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j rpe;jid rq;fuUila mj;itjf; Nfhl;ghl;Lf;F mbg;gilahf mike;Js;sJ vdyhk;. NkYk; ijj;jphpa cgepljj;jpNy cz;lhd gpuhzpfs; vy;yhk; mjdplkpUe;J cz;lhfNth cz;lhfpait vjdhy; caph;tho;fpd;wdNth KbTWk;NghJ vjdplk; GFe;J kiwfpd;wdNth mJNt gpukk; vd;w $w;W fhzg;gLfpwJ. NfNdhg cgepljj;jpNy gpukk; ,Jntd nrhy;tJ kpf mUikahf ,Uf;fpwJ.

‘vJ thf;fhy; tpsf;fk;ngwhNjh Mdhy; thf;F vjdhy; tpsf;fk; ngWNkh mJNt gpukk; vij xUtd; kdj;jhy; czUtjpy;iyNah Mdhy; kdk; vjdhy; czug;ngWk; vd;W $Wfpwhh;fNsh mJNt gpukk; vij xUtd; fz;zhy; ghh;g;gjpy;iyNah Mdhy; fz; vjdhy; ghh;g;gjhfpwNjh mJNt gpukk; vij xUtd; %f;fhy; Efh;tjpy;iyNah Mdhy; %f;F vjdhy; Efh;tjhfpwNjh mJNt gpukk; vd;w fUj;J irtrpj;jhe;jk; $Wfpd;w mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfSf;F Kd;Ndhbahf mike;jpUf;fyhk;.

Nkw;$wpa rpe;jidfs; gf;jp ,yf;fpaq;fshd jpUKiwapYk; ,ioNahbapUg;gij tpsq;fpf; nfhs;fpNwhk;. jpU%yh; Xhplj;jpNy

“cs;sk; ngUq;Nfhapy; CDlk;G Myak;….”

vd;w thpfs; kdq;nfhs;sj;jf;fit MFk;. rq;fuUila fUj;Jg;gb gpukj;ij mwpe;jtd; gpukkhfNt MfptpLfpwhd; vd;fpwhh;. ,q;Nf Md;khthdJ Mztj;jpd; gpbapy; ,Ue;J tpLgl;L jd;id kwe;j epiyapy; mjd; gpj;jhdhf MfptpLfpwJ. ,jidNa mg;gUk; jpUj;jhz;lfj;jpy; “Kd;dk; mtDila ehkk; Nfl;lhs; ......” vd;w ghly; mbfs; %yk; vLj;Jf;fhl;bAs;shh;. vdNt cgepljq;fspNy $wg;gl;Ls;s gpukk; gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fshdJ gpw;fhyj;jj;Jtj;JiwfSila tsh;r;rpf;Fk; gf;jp ,yf;fpa tsh;r;rpf;F mbg;gilahf mike;Js;sJ vdyhk;.

rhe;Njf;fpa cgepljj;jpNy Mj;kd; ahh; gukk; vd;why; vd;d? vd;w tpdhf;fSf;F mg;nghUs; gpwg;gw;w moptw;w epj;jpakhd Mj;kNd gpukk; vdg;gLfpwJ. khz;^f;fpa cgepljj;jpNy mg;gpuk;kNd Mj;kd; vd;W mwpAq;fs; vd;W $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. RNtjh];tjucgepljj;jpNy japhpNy ntz;nza; Nghy me;j Mj;kd; vy;yhtw;wpYk; tpahgpj;jpUf;fpd;wNjh mJNt gpukk; vdf; $wg;gLfpwJ. ,t; cgepljk; $Wfpd;w gpukk; gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fNs irtrpj;jhe;jk; $Wfpd;w gjpf;Nfhl;ghl;Lf;F mbg;gilahf mike;Js;sJ. NkYk; tpsf;FNthkhapd; cgepljq;fspNy cyfj;jpd; Njhw;wj;Jf;Fk; Md;khtpd; Njhw;wj;Jf;Fk; mbg;gilahf cs;sJ gpukk; vdyhk;. rhe;Njf;fpa cgepljj;jpy; RNtjNfJtpw;Fk; cj;jhfyUf;Fk; ,ilapNy eilngw;w ciuahlypy; gpukj;jpypUe;Nj gpugQ;rk; Njhd;WfpwJ vd;w fUj;J tpsf;gg;gl;Ls;sJ. xU Myk; tpijia cjhukhff; nfhz;L fz;Zf;F Gydhfhj kpf Ez;zpa tpijapypUe;J ,iyfNshLk; fpisfNshLk; $ba nghpa MytpUl;rk; Njhd;WfpwJ. ,NjNghy fz;Zf;Fg; Gydhfhj gpukj;jpypUe;J gpugQ;rk; Njhd;WfpwJ. vdf;$wp ePhpNy fye;j cg;G mjd; vy;yhg;gFjpapYk; tpahgpj;jpUg;gJNghy gpukk; cynfq;fZk; tpahgpj;jpUf;fpd;wJ vd tpsf;Ffpd;whh;. mj;Jld; midj;jpw;Fk; mbg;gilahf mike;j xU rf;jpf;F cgepljq;fs; gpukk; vd;w ngaiu nfhLf;fpd;wd. RNtjh];tju cgepljj;jpNy xUtDf;Fs;Ns Mj;kd; ,Ug;gijf; nfhz;L gpukj;jpd; cz;ikia tpsf;FfpwJ. xU Mj;kh jhNd jd; RfJf;fq;fis eph;zapg;gjw;F tYtw;wjhf ,Uf;ifapNy mjidg;ghh;f;fpYk; rf;jp tha;e;j xU nghUs; cz;nld;gJ GydhFk;. vdNt Mj;khNt gpukj;Jf;F rhd;W vdf;$WfpwJ.

cgepljq;fspd; fUj;Jepiyj; JzpG

nkhop mikg;ig fUj;jpy; nfhz;L Nehf;Fk;NghJ ciueil ghzpapy; mike;j ,t; ,yf;fpak; Gjpa gioa nkhop mikg;igAk; fUj;jpy; nfhz;lJ. rpy cgepljq;fs; KOtJk; nra;As; eilapy; tpsq;Ffpd;wd. ,it fhyj;jhy; gpe;jpait.

cjhuzkhf 1. fNlg cgepljk;

                2. RNtjh];tu cgepljk;

                3. kfhehu jPak;

                4. <Nrhthra cgepljk;

                5. Kz;lfk;

mjh;t Ntjj;ij rhh;e;j ‘khz;^f;fpa cgepljKk;’ nra;As; eilapy; mike;jit MFk;. 200f;Fk; mjpfkhd cgepljq;fs; fhzg;gl;lhYk; gy fpilj;jpy; fpilj;jtw;wpy; 12 E}y;fs; Kf;fpakhdit. ,jd; rpwg;ig ghujpahh; jdJ ftpijapy;

“gd;dpU E}y; vq;fs; E}Ny

 ghh; kpir VJ xU E}y;”

vd;W Gfo;fpd;whh;. ‘gpu];jhdj;jpuak;’ vd;W miof;fg;gLk; gpuk;k#j;jpuk;> gftj;fPij> cgepljk; vd;gtw;Ws; ,e;J rkaj;jpw;Fk; ,e;jpa jj;Jtj;jpw;Fk; Mjhukhd %yE}yhf cgepljk; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. Ntjq;fis cs;slf;fg; gFjpahf nfhz;likahy; ‘NTjq;fspd; rhuNk cgepljq;fs;’ vdf; nfhz;L

‘Ntjhe;jk;’ vd;w ngaUk; ,jw;F cz;L.

cgepljk; vd;w tlnkhopr; nrhw;fSf;F FU> rPlDf;F cgNjrpj;j nkhopNah vd;w Neub fUj;J ,Ue;jNghJk; FUthdth; jk;kplk;  te;j midj;J rPlUf;Fk; cgNjrpf;ftpy;iy. Md;kPf gf;Ftk; cs;sFU mNj gf;Ftj;ij va;a $ba rPlDf;F mUspa ciufNs Kf;fpakhd cgepljkhf nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

me;jtifapy; ,e;jpudplk; Vw;gl;l Nfs;tpfs; rpy gpuIhgjpaplk; jPh;f;fg;gl;ld.  “IaNd %g;G> kuzk;> Nrhfk;> grp> jhfk;> ,itfs; ahTk; jPz;lhj Md;kh xd;W cz;lh?” mwpajf;fjh? my;yJ milaKbAkh? vd;W Nfl;fg;gl;l Nfs;tpf;F cd;Dil rhPuNk Mj;kh vd;w tpil fpilf;fg;ngw;wJ. ,jpy; jpUg;jp milah ,e;jpud; mJ vt;thW ,aq;Ffpd;wJ. vd Nfl;lhd; “tz;bypy; fl;ba Fjpiu Nghy; Mj;kh rhPuj;jpy; fl;Lg;gl;L epw;fpd;wJ.” fhz;gJ fz;zy;y fz;iz fUtpahff; nfhz;L fhz;gJ Md;kh NgRtJ ehf;fy;y ehf;if fUtpahff; nfhz;L NgRtJ Md;kh. kdJ Mj;kh my;y kdij mlf;fp jpahdj;jpy; Ko;fp gukhd;khit fz;L Mde;jk; miljNy Md;kh vd;W $wg;gl;lJ.

mt;thwhf Mj;kh cliy vg;gb ,af;Ffpd;wJ vd;w Nfs;tpf;F gLf;ifapy; fplf;Fk; vkJ cliy vOe;J cl;fhur; nra;tJk; cl;fhh;e;J ,Uf;Fk; cliy vOe;J elf;fr; nra;tJk; Mfpa ,af;fNk Md;kh. Md;kh cliy cw;gj;jp nra;tjpy;iy. ,a;FtJ kl;Lk;jhd;. Mj;kh ,y;iy vd;W kwg;Nghk; Mdhy; vk;ikNa ,y;iy vd;W kwg;gJNghy; MFk;. Mj;kh vd;w nghUs; gy ftrq;fshy; %lg;gl;L mjw;Fs; #f;Fkkhd nghUshf ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij ijj;jphPa cgepljk; $Wfpd;wJ.

1. md;dkaNfhrk;- cztpdhy; MdJ
2. gpuhzkaNfhrk;- Jbg;G> ,af;fk;
3. khdkaNfhrk;- IPt rf;jp
4. tpQ;QhdkaNfhrk;- mwpT
5. Mde;jkaNfhrk;- czh;T

,tw;Wf;Fs; eLtpy; cs;s nghUNs Md;kh vd;W $wg;gLfpwJ. cgepljf; Nfhl;ghl;by; $wg;gl;l Md;khtpd; ftrq;fs; Nkiyj;Njrj;jpd; mwptpay; gug;igNa tpaf;fitj;jJ. fhuzk; Nkiyj;Njrk; cly;> csk; Nrh;e;j cstpay; Nfhl;ghl;by; cly; moptpw;F cWg;Gfs; fhuzkh?  csk; fhuzkh? vd;w Nfs;tpf;F fPioj;Njr rkajj;Jtkhd cgepljk; Nkw;$wg;gl;l Ie;J ftrk; mopf;fg;gbd; Mj;kh rpijTWk; vdf; $wpaJ. ,jid rpf;kd;gpiul; vDk; cstpay; Vw;Wf;nfhz;lth;. ,t; Md;kh gw;wpa fUj;Jepiyapid irtrpj;jhe;jk; jdJ Md;kh gw;wpa njsptpaYf;F mbg;gilahf vLj;Jf;nfhz;lJ.

Ntjq;fs; Md;kh xd;W vdf; $w cgepljq;fs; Md;khf;fs; gy vd;W ciuf;fpd;wd. cjhuzkhf>

‘xUth; mOfpd;NghJ kw;wth; kfpo;r;rpahf ,Uf;fpwhh;. xUth; nrayhw;wpf; nfhz;L ,Uf;Fk; NghJk; kw;wth; cwq;fpf; nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwhh;.’

MfNt Md;khf;fs; xd;W vdf; nfhz;lhy; vy;yh caphpdKk; xNu nghOjpy; xU nraiy Mw;wpf;nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. MfNt Md;khf;fs; gy Md;khtpd; cz;ik ,ay;G gw;wp 1.fdTepiy 2. edTepiy 3. ,jw;F mg;ghyhd fdT ,y;yhj cwf;fepiy. 4. Jhpaepiy (Nahfepiy) vDk; ehd;F epiyfs; $wg;gl;Ls;sd. Md;khtpd; gpwg;Gg; gw;wp $Wk;NghJ Md;khthdJ jhd; nra;j tpidf;F Vw;g gpwtpfis vLj;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,jw;F cjhuzkhf:  xU Gy;ypd; Edpapy; ,Ue;J GOthdJ mjd; mbf;Fk;> Edpf;Fk; khwp khwp tUtJ NghyTk;> ghk;ghdJ jdJ nrl;ilfis fow;wptpl;L kPz;Lk; Gjpa nrl;ilfis ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy; NghyTk; vd $Wfpd;wJ> ,J gpw;fhyj;jpy; vOe;j irtrpj;jhe;jj fUj;jpaypy; caph;fspd; gygpwg;Gf;fs; gw;wpa fUj;jikNthL xd;wpaNjhL rpj;jhe;j ,yf;fpakhfj; jpfOk; jpUKiwfspy; kzpthrfhpd; jpUthrfj;jpy; “Gy;yha; G+lha; GOtha; kykhfp…………..” czh;j;Jtjd; %yk; cgeplj rhuk; rpj;jhe;jj;jpy; njhdpg;gijf; fhzyhk;.

gukhd;thTf;Fk; IPthd;khTf;Fk; ,ilapy;yhd njhlh;G gw;wpf; $Wk;NghJ xU kuj;jpy; jpj;jpg;ghd fdpfSk; fha;fSk; cz;L fdpfis cz;L thOk; gwit gukhd;kh. fha;fis cz;L thOk; gwit IPthd;kh MfNt mwpjy; czuf;$ba nghUs; Md;kh vd;Wk; mwptpf;fhky; czuf;$ba nghUs; ,iwtd; vd;Wk; $wg;gLfpwJ. ,f;fUj;jpid gpd; te;j irtrpj;jhe;jk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;ljid jpUtUl;gad; capuitepiyapy;

     “nghwpapd;wp nahd;Wk; Gzuhj Ge;jpf;

      fwpntd;w Ngh;ed; ww”

vd;W Md;khf;fs; jhNk vjidAk; czukhl;lhjit mwptpj;jhy; kl;LNk mwpaf;$bait vd;W rpj;jhe;jk; caph;fs; gw;wpf; nfhz;bUe;j tiuaiwf;F cgepljq;fs; cUtk; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwJ.

cgepljk; $Wfpd;w Kj;jpepiyfs; ,uz;L MFk;.

1. tpNjfKj;jp- Njfk; ePq;fpa gpd;dh; Vw;gLtJ.
2. IPthd; Kj;jp- clYld; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ ngw;$baJ

,q;F IPthd; Kj;jpepiyapid mile;jth;fshf rkatuyhw;wpy; jpUQhdrk;ge;jh;> Re;juh; MfpNahiur; Rl;lyhk;.

Kj;jpia miltjw;FHpa topfshf Rl;lg;gLgit

1. ituhf;fpak;- gw;wWj;jy;
2. Qhdk;- %d;W topfisf; $Wk;.

1. rputzk;- gw;wWj;jy;

2. kddk;- kdjpy; gjpaitj;jy;

3. epjpj;jhrdk;- Nfl;ltw;iwj; jpahdpj;jy;

,e;j Md;khtpd; ,Wjp epiyapy; ,iwtNdhL xd;wpj;J thOk; vd;gij

1.   Md;kh jhd; gpukk;- jj;Jtk]p

2.   mJ jhd; eP- mfk; gpukh];kp

vd;w fUj;Jf;fspd; Clhf neUq;fpf; $wg;gl;lJ.

gpukk;

gpukk; vd;gJ thh;j;ijfshy; th;zpf;f KbahjJ. kdjif; nfhz;L epidg;gJ gpukk; my;y ve;j rf;jpahy; kdk; epidf;fg;gLfpwNjh mJNt gpukk; vjdhy; Rthrk; Rthrpf;g;gLfpwNjh mJNt gpukk; tz;b XLtJ rf;fuk; cUStjhy;. khwhf tz;b rf;fuj;ij cUl;bg;ghh;g;gJ my;y. ehk; mwptpdhy; gpukj;ij fhzg;ghh;g;gJ xU ctikapd; %yk; vLj;Jf; $wg;gLfpwJ.

cjhuzk;

xUtd; jhd; jd; Njhspy; Vwpepw;gJ Nghd;wJ. MfNt gpukk; vd;gJ epj;jpakha; vq;Fk; gutp epw;Fk; kpf; El;gkhd nghUs; mJ moptw;wJ midj;Jf;Fk; mJ gpwg;gplk;.

gpukj;jplk; ,Ue;J cyfk; vq;qdk; cw;gj;jp MdJ vd;w Nfs;tpf;F rpye;jp jd;dplj;jpy; ,Ue;J E}iy cz;lhf;fp mij kPz;Lk; jdf;Fs;Ns cs;slf;fpf; nfhs;tJ NghyTk; G+kpapy; ,Ue;J nrbfs; cz;lhtJ NghyTk; jiyapYk;> clypYk;> kaph; Kisg;gJ NghyTk; cyfk; ahTk; gpukj;jplk; ,Ue;J cz;lhdJ.

fz;Zf;Fj; njhpahj kpf El;gkhd ,g; gUg;nghUspy; ,Ue;J cyfk; vq;qdk; cw;gj;jp Mf Kbe;jJ vd;w Nfs;tpf;F>  cjhuzkhf

Ez;zpa Myk; tpj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpOJfSk;> ,iyfSk;> fpisfSk; nfhz;l gpukhz;lkhd tpUl;rk; cz;lhtJ Nghy cyfk; KOtJk; gutpapUf;FK; ,g;guk;nghUs; tho;e;Jnfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ,e;j tpahgfj; jd;ikia cj;jughyh; RNtjNfJtplk; tpsf;Fk;NghJ jz;zPhpy; fiue;Js;s cg;gpd; cUtk; fz;Zf;F Gyg;glhj NghJk; mjd; ,ay;G jz;zPh; KOtJk; nrwpe;jpUg;gJ Nghy. vd;W $wg;gl;lJ.

cgepljq;fspNy gpukj;jpw;F ,uz;L epiyfs; $wg;gLfpd;wd.

1. gpukk; cyfj;NjhL $b cyfk; vq;Fk; tpahgpj;jpUf;Fk; epiy.
2. rg;gpugQ;r epiy my;yJ rfgpugQ;repiy.

,jid rhe;Njf;fpa cgepljk; tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. ,q;F gpukk; MdJ j];ayd; vd;w ngauhy; miyf;fg;gLfpwJ.

j];ayd; Njhd;Wtjw;Fk;> ngWtjw;Fk;> gpd;dh; xLq;Ftjw;Fk; fhuzkhf  cs;sJ vd;gJ fUj;jhFk;.

ep];gpugQ;repiy- cyif fle;J epw;Fk; epiy MFk;. ,J ep];gpugQ;rk; vd;W miof;fg;gLk;. gpUfjhuzpa cgepljk; ,jid tpsf;FfpwJ.

,e;epiyapy; rg;gpugQ;r epiy vd;gJ xd;wha;> cldha; tpsf;Fk; epiy.

ep];gpugQ;repiy vd;gJ Ntwha; epw;Fk; epiy

cgepljq;fspy; irtrpj;jhe;jk;

,d;iwa cyf nka;nghUypay; tuyhW fPioj;Nrj nka;apy;> Nkiyj;Njr nka;apy; vd tuyhw;W mbg;gilapy; ,U $Wfshf gphpe;jpUf;Fk; epiyapy;> fPioj;Njr nka;apaypy; ,e;Jrkaj;jpd; nka;apayhdJ cyfnka;apay;f; Nfhl;ghLfs; gytw;wpw;F tpsf;fk; mspj;j nka;apayhf ,e;J rkaj;jpd; mwpTf;ffUT+ykhf ,e;J nka;apaypd; ,jakhf cgepljq;fs; tpsq;Ffpd;wd.

cgepljk; vd;gJ kiwnghUl; Nfhl;ghLfis mwpTWj;JUk; Mrphpahpd; mbapy; ,Ue;J Nfl;ly; vdg; nghUs;gLk; ,e;epiyapy; tif gphpj;jwpag;gl;lJ. 108 cgepljq;fspy; irtrpj;jhe;j nka;apay; fUj;j epiy tsh;r;rp gw;wp Muha;tNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. Ntjj;jpy; irtrpj;jhe;jk; fUf;nfhs;fpwJ. cgepljj;jpy; mJ cUtk; ngWfpwJ Mfkq;fspy; mtw;wpd; mirepiy njhpfpwJ. jpUKiwfspy; %ykhf ntsp cyfpy; gpwe;J rpj;jhe;j rh];jpuq;fs; %ykhf tsh;r;rp fz;Ls;sJ. vd;Dk; fUj;jparf;F mikthf cgepljq;fspy; nfhz;L irtrpj;jhe;jk; cUtk; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;gij Nehf;FNthk;.

nghJthf ,e;J nka;apay; Kg;nghUs; gw;wpa Muha;r;rp %ykhfNt jdJ jj;Jt ,af;f mwptaypy; epiyepWj;jpr; nra;fpwJ. me;epiyapy; flTs;> Md;kh> cyF vDk; Kg;nghUs; gw;wpa Muha;r;rpfisNa Ntjk; Nkw;nfhz;lJ. mjd; top gpuk;kk;> Md;kh> cyF vDk; jj;Jt fiyr;nrhy;yhf;fj;jpw;$lhf cgepljk; jdJ jj;Jt Ma;tpid Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,Uf;F Ntjj;jpy; kiwnkhopapd; ke;jputypiaf; Fwpg;gjw;F toq;fpa gpukd; vd;Dk; nrhy;Ny cgepljq;fspy; ,t;thW GJtpsf;fk; ngw;Wj; Njhd;WfpwJ. ¹

ahtw;iwAk; cl;gLj;Jk; Md;khtpdJ cgepljk; ²  vd;W tpthpf;fk; nghWk; cgepljkhdJ gpuhkzq;fspd; <w;Wg; gFjpfshf miktNjhL gpuhkzq;fspypUe;J cgepljq;fSf;F Muz;ag; gFjpfs; %yk; fUj;J tsh;r;rp Vw;gLfpwJ. ^3.(fPioj;Nj NkiyehLfspd; nka;g;nghUspay; tuyhW) rka rlq;Ffs; Fwpj;J gpuhkzq;fs ,aw;wp ,Uf;f cgepljq;fs; guk;nghUs; Fwpj;j Nghjidfisf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. NkYk; cgeplj nka;g;nghUs; cz;ikfs; Njhd;Wtjw;Fk; Muzpafq;fNs fhuzkhf mike;jpUf;fpd;w epiyapy; kf;fspd; <Nlw;wj;jpw;F cgepljq;fs; ey;Ftjhfr; nrhy;yg;gLk; nka;awpthdJ gpuk;kj;jpd; cz;ikia mwptNjhL kl;Lk; mike;JtplhJ kw;W mg;gpukj;jpid ,ilawhJ czUk; czh;Nt mk; nka;awpthFk;. kf;fspd; caphpNy gpukk; ciwfpd;wJ. cz;ikapw; gpukk; kf;fSapuhfNt cs;sJ. gpukNk Md;kh. mtd; gpwg;gpdpd;Wk; tPL ngWfpd;whd;. mtDila caph; gpukj;NjhL ,uz;lwf;fye;J tpLfpd;wJ. me;epiyapy; mtd; ,d;g Jd;gq;fisAk; gpwg;gpwg;Gf;fisAk; ngw;wtdhfpwhd;. JapYk; xUtdJ caph; tpLjiy ngw;W xU Gs;shfNtDk; Gj;NjshfNtDk; cynfq;fDk; cyhtptUk;. ,j;jifa xU cah;e;j epiyapy; gpukk; ,Uf;f mjNdhL tpLjiyngWk; Md;khthdJ xd;whfptpLfpd;wJ.

“rpe;ijAs; epie;j Kj;jp rptfjp milAk;…………”

vd;w jpUthf;fhYk; czh;e;J nfhs;sKbfpwJ. ,jD}L: cgepljq;fs; KOtjpYk; IPthd;khTk; gukhd;khTk; xd;Nw vd;w fUj;J kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; typAWj;jg;gLtijAk; mtjhdpf;fyhk;.

cgepljq;fs; cah; mDG+jp epiyf; fUTyfq;fNs ,itfs; nghJthf mwptpdhy; my;yJ nka;Azh;tpdhy; tPL NgwiltijNa vOj;Jf; $Wfpd;wd. md;G newpahfTk;> nra;newpahfTk; tPL Ngwiltij typAWj;jtpy;iyahapDk; Kf;fpa cgepljq;fs; vy;yhk; irtrpj;jhe;jk; nghUis Ety;tdNt vd ,yf;fpa fyhepjp gz;bjkzp K. fe;ijah mth;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. mth; NkYk; Fwpg;gpLkplj;J nrhw;RUf;fpAk; nghUsho;e;Jk; cs;s #j;jpuq;fshf cgepljq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Ntj ke;jpuq;fspd; ,Ujaj;ij cgepljq;fs; gpuhkzq;fs; Kjypad nfhz;Nl mwpjy; $Lk; mitnay;yhk; irtrpj;jhe;jg; nghUs; Ety;tdNt vd;gJ cz;ik (itrrpj;jhe;jk; tpsf;ftpUj;jpapr; aho;g;ghz mwptpar; Nkijapd; RtLfs; aho; gy;fiyf;fof ntspaPL) ,j;jifrhh; mwpQh;fspd; Fwpg;Gf;fspd; CLk; cgepljq;fspy; irtrpj;jhe;j fUj;J epiytsh;r;rp mike;jpUg;gjid epWtf; $bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

     ,t;thW cgeplj Muha;r;rpapaypy; mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWk; Ma;Tj;Jiwahf  gpukk;> Md;kh vd;gJ fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j Ma;T KiwahdJ irtrpj;jhe;j nka;g;nghUspaiy NkYk; tYTs;sijhf;fpd;wJ. cgepljj;jpy; gpukj;jpd; ,ay;Gfs; Fwpj;Jg; NgRkplj;J tUzd; Gpukk;j;ijg; gw;wpf;Fwpg;gpLkplj;J “vjdpd;W ,itaidj;Jk; Njhd;Wfpd;wdNth Njhd;wpa mit vjdhy; tho;fpd;wdNth gphpAk; NghJ vjDs; ,lk;ngWfpd;wdNth mjid mwpa mthitf; nfhs;f” ,t;thW mwpag;gLk; mJNt “gpuk;k” MFk; vd;gjpy; ,Ue;J cyfpd; Njhw;w xLf;fj;jpw;F gpukNk KOKjy; fh;j;jh vDk; fUj;jpay;gpy; cah;e;j ,lk;ngWfpwJ. ,jidr; irtrpj;jhe;jk;

“Mf;fpnaitA kspj;jh jhRldlq;fg; Nghf;Fktd; Nghfhg; Gfy;” vd jpUtUl;gad;; rpj;jhe;jf; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; tpsf;fpr; nry;fpd;wJ. ,f;fUj;jpid NkYk; typAj;Jk; tifapy; “gpukk; epkpj;j fhuzkha; epd;W Kjw;fh;zkha khiaapypUe;J gpugQ;rj;ij Njhw;Wtpj;j gpukk; jhd; mtw;Wld; fyg;gpdhy; xd;wha; epw;fpwJ.” vd;gJ irtrpj;jhe;jg; nghUs;epiy gilj;jy;> xd;wha; epw;wy; vd;w ,U jd;ikfs; ,q;Nf ,lk;ngWfpd;wd. irtrpj;jhg; nghUs; epiyf;F Kw;wpYk; xj;Jtuf; $ba xU tpsf;fk; ijj;jphPa cgepljj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwJ mjdJ “gpukk; ,J vy;yhtw;iwAk; rpU\;bj;jJ rpU\;bj;J mtw;wpw; gpuNtrpj;jJ gpuNtrpj;J “rj;” Mfpa caph;fisAk; “jpaj;” Mfpa ghrg;nghUs;fshAk; Mapw;W. ,jid

“,U epydha;j; jPahfp ePUkhfp ,akdhy;………..”

vd;gd Nghy; tUfpd;w jpUKiwf; fUj;Jk; ,t;cgepljf; fUj;Jk; xd;Nw. NkYk; ,g;gpukj;jpd; jd;ik gw;wp vq;fpUe;J ,t; cyfj;jpdJ caph;fs; gpwf;fpd;wdNth. moptpy; mit vq;Nf  gpuNtrpf;fpd;wdNth mJ gpukk;  vd;whPjpapy; ijj;jphPa cgepljk; gpukk; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. ,jidr; irtrpj;jhe;jk;

; “mtd; mts; mJ ……………………….”

;rptQhdNghjj;pd; Clhf jdJ fUj;J tsh;r;rpapid Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhz;lJ nka;g; nghUspaypy; Kf;fpakhd Nfhs;tpfshfpa Md;kh ahJ? gpukk; ahJ? vd;w Nfs;tpfs; re;Njfj;jpy; mike;J fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,f; Nfs;tpfspd; CL gpukk; Md;kh vd;w nrhw;fs; mfj;Jk;> Gwj;Jk; cs;s xNucs;nghUisf; Fwpg;gd vDk; tifapid irtrpj;jhe;jk; mg;gbNa ngw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. Md;khTf;Fr; rhh;e;jjd; tz;zkhjk vd;gNjhh; ,yf;fzk; cz;L gspq;fhdJ jhd; rhUk; epwj;ijj; jd;epwkhff; nfhz;lJNghy; ,Uf;Fk; rpj;jpahh; Kjyhd irtrpj;jhe;j rhj;jpuq;fNshL xd;wpg; NghfpwJ. cgepljq;fs; Fwpg;gpLtJ Nghy gpukj;jpd; tz;zkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;baJ Md;kh Mdhy; mehjpahfNt mjdplj;jpy; nfhz;l Mzt kiwg;gpdhy; mJ jpir jpUg;ggl;L gpukj;ijr; rhuhj mjw;nfjph; Mztj;ijr; rhh;e;J Mztkhfp tpLk; tpguPjk; xd;W Neh;fpwJ. ,J fhjw;fpoj;jpia Gwf;fzpj;J Nrhpg;guj;ijapy; tpOk; epiy Nghd;wJ vd FkuFUgu Rthkpfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. ,t;thW me;j Mzt mopg;ig ngw;W gpukj;ij miljiyNa irtrpj;jhe;jk; Kf;jp vd;fpwJ ,q;F Md;khtpy; gpukj;jpd; tpNrlk; ciwj;J fplf;fpd;wJ vd;w rpe;jid cgepljq;fspd; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;ljhFk;.

,e;epiyg;gl;l Ma;T Kiwapd; tpuptQ;rp RNtjh];tuj cgepljj;ij kl;Lk; vLj;J mtw;wpy; irtrpe;jhe;j fUj;Jepiy tsh;r;rpapid Nehf;FtNj rhyr;rpwe;jhFk;. ,e;epiyapy; Kf;fpa chepljq;fshd <rthrpak;> NfUk;> flk;> gpurpdk;> Kz;lfk;> khd;&f;fpak;> IjNuhak;> ijj;jPupak;> rhe;Njhf;fpak;> gpUfjhuzpak;> nfsrpjf;> RtjhRtujk;> ikj;jpuhazk;> gpUfr;rhgyk;> mjh;trpuR ify;ak;> fhyhf;fpGUgj;jpuk; Kjypad ,tw;wpy; cz;ikahf gpukg;nghUs; ,Jntd epr;rapj;jw;nfOe;jJ RNtjhRtuj cgepljk; Mifahy; ,t; Ma;Tf;F mjid vLj;Jf; nfhz;Nlhk;.

“Xk; g;u`;kthjpN`h tje;jp”

vd;gjw;$lhf gpukk; ,Jntd epr;rapjw;Fupa Fwpg;GfSk; ehk; vjpypUe;J Njhd;wpNdhk;. vjdhy; ,Uf;fpNwhk; vd;gd Nghd;w Fwpg;Gfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. gilj;jy; fhj;jy; mopj;jy; kiwj;jy; mUsy; vDk; Ie;njhopy;fisr; nra;tJ vJNth mJNt gpukkk;  vd;Wk; Njhw;wk;> epiyg;G> xLf;fk;> Mfpa %d;Wk; gpukj;Js; mlf;fk; vd Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. ,f;fUj;jpid gpd;te;j irtrpj;jhe;jk;  Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljw;F Mjhukhf

“Njhw;W tpj;jspj;Jg; gpd;De; Jilj;jUs;

njhopy;fs; %d;Wk; Nghw;wNth....” vd rptQhdrpj;jpahh; Fwpg;gp;Lfpd;wJ MfNt gpukk; jhd;KOKjy; cyfpd; caphpd; mirtpaf;fj;jpw;F mJNt fhuzk; vd;W cgepljf; fUj;jpaiyirtpj;jhe;jk; gjpf;Fs; mlf;fpapUf;fpwJ.

NkYk; mLj;j ke;jpukhd “Nj j; aheNah fhEfjh ......” vd;gjpy; Md;k Fzq;fspdhy; kiwf;fg;gl;l Njthj;krf;jp vdg;gLk; guhrf;jpia jpahd Nahfj; fw;wth;fshfpa mth;fs; (Kdpth;fs;) fz;lhf;fs;> fhyk; Kjy; Md;kh ,Wjpahfpa vy;yhf; fhuzq;fisAk; fle;J epw;fpd;w xUtd; vtNdh mtidNa gpukk; vd;W ciufz;bUf;fpw  tplj;J Kjy;td; ghr> gRQhdq;fshy; mwpag;glhjtd;  mg;gbg;gl;ltid rhjhuz fz;fshy; fhzKbahJ fz;Zf;F xsp fhl;rpg;gLj;jy;fis ey;FtJ Nghy Md;khTf;F Mj;kQhd xsp fpilf;Fk; gl;rj;jpNyNa ,iwtidf; fhzKbAk;. ,jid Mjhpf;Fk; tifapy;

“ fhl;ba fz;Nz jidf;fhzh fz;Zf;Ff;

fhl;lhaTs;sj;ijf; fz;fhzh – fhl;ba

cs;sj;jidf; fhzh Ts;sj;jpd; fz;zha

fs;td;wh Ds;sj;jpw;fhz;”

vd rptQhdNghjk; czh;j;jpr; nry;fpd;wJ. ,t;thW Mj;k Qhdk; tha;f;fg; ngw;wth;fshNyNa ,iwtdJ Njthj;k rf;jpiaf; fz;LzUk; epiyapy;  Njthj;k rf;jp vd;gJ mf;fpdpf;Fr; #L Nghy Kjy;tDf;F FzkhAs;s Qhdrf;jpNa Njthj;k rf;jp vdnghUs; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ghrQhd gRQhdq;fSf;F vl;lhj ,iwtid mtdUshNyNa fhzNtz;Lk; vd;gjw;F RUjpg;gpukhzq;fspy; Kz;lfk; “gukhj;kh fz;fspdhYK; thf;fpdhYk; Vidf; fUtp fuzq;fspdhYk; milag;gLgtdy;yd; jtj;jpdhYk; fphpiafspdhYk; mtid mila KbahJ mtdJ Qhdg; gpurhjj;jpdhy; tpRj;jrj;t kile;J jpahd Nahf Kw;W ep\;fs tbtpdhd mtidf; fhz;fpwhd;.”

“Cdf;fz; ghr Kzuhg; gjpia

Qhdf;fz;zpd;wp rpe;ij ehb” vd rptQhd Nghjj;jpYk;

“ghrQhdj;jhYk; gRQhdj;jhYk;

ghh;g;gupa guk;guidg; gjp Qhdj;jhNy

NernkhL Ks;sj;Nj ehb”

vd jpUehTf;furh; thf;fhYk;

“ ,j; je;jpuj;jpw; fhz;Lnkd; wpUe;Njhh;f;

fj;je;jpuj;jpd; mt;tap ndhspj;Jk;”

“mtdUshNy ahttd;whs;tzq;fp vd jpUthrj;jpYk; mtdpd;wp Xh; mZTk; mirahJ vd;gjw;fpzq;f rpj;jhe;jk; rpj;jupf;fpd;w nrk;nghUs; gw;wpNa cgepljk; Muha;r;rp tbtk; Kd;dNk cUtk; ngw;Wtpl;lJ. cgepljq;fs; gpuk;kj;ij mwptpaw; g+h;tkhf Muha;fpd;wJ. irtrpe;jhe;jk; gpuk;kj;ij mwptpaw; G+h;tkhfTk;> tho;tpay; G+h;tkhfTk; Muha;fpd;wJ. me;j tifapy; RNtjhRtju cgepljj;jpy; Muhag;gl;bUf;fpd;w midj;J tplaq;fisAk; Fwpg;ghf khia gw;wpa fUj;jpidAk; irtrpj;jhe;jk; cs;thq;fp jd;id nrwpTgLj;jpf; nfhz;lJ.

 “gy;yhUapUzUk; ghd;iknad NknthUtd;

 ,y;yhjhd;ndq;fs; ,iw”; vd;W

 jpUtUl;g;gad; cah;j;jp itf;fpd;w gjp kfj;Jtk; cgeplj;jpd; rhuk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.

,t;thW cgepljq;fs; czh;e;Jfpd;w nka;g;nghUspapy; fUj;Jf;fs; xUth; rPtd; Kf;jh; epiy miltjq;Fhpa topfshFk;. vd ,yf;fpa fyhepjp fz;bjzp K. fe;ijah mth;fs; ciuf;Fkplj;J xUtd; Nkhl;r epiy va;Jtjw;fhd gf;Ftj;ij ngWtjw;F Gydlf;fk; Kjyhd fl;Lg;ghl;L newpfs; ,uz;L gbepiyfspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;glf; $bad. mj;itj cz;ikfis Iae; jphpgwf; fw;Wk; Nfl;Lk; njspjw;Fj; jd;idj; jahh; nra;Ak; epiy KjyhtJ epiyahFk;. jd;dhNy jd;id czUk; tifapw; nra;ag;gLk; Nahf mErhukhd gapw;rpfs; ,uz;lhtJ epiyahFk;.;.

,k; KjyhtJ epiy gftj;fPij Nghjpf;Fk; fh;kNahfepiy Nghy;tJ mjd;%yk; RfJf;f mDgtq;fspw; gw;W ePq;fpapUf;Fk; ,ay;G Vw;gLk; ,uz;lhtJ epiy rptuzk; kida epjpj;jpahdk; vd;gtw;wpy; <LgLk; epiyahFk;. cgepljj; cz;ikfis Kw;w Tzh;e;j xU FUKfkhf mtw;iwf; Nfl;ly; rptuzk; vdg;gLk;. ,jd;gb cgeplj cz;ikfisg; gw;wpa Gj;jp epr;rak; Vw;gl;L gofpg;Nghd mwpT thridfs; mopAk; gl;rj;jpy; xUth; rPtd; Kf;jh; Mth;” vd ciuj;jpUg;gjd; %yk; irtrpj;jhe;jk; czh;j;Jfpd;w Qhdkhh;f;f newpf;F cgeplj %yq;fNs fhuzkha; mike;jpUf;fyhk;. vd vz;zj; Njhd;WfpwJ. cgepljk; mwpT khh;f;fj;Jf;F Kjyplk; nfhLf;f irtrpj;jhe;jk; gf;jp khh;f;fj;Jf;F Kjyplk; nfhLj;jikAk; cgepljk; fhl;ba cUtkw;w gukhd;kh gpw;gl;l fhyj;jpy;

“ Fdpj;j GUtKk; nfht;itr; nrt;thapy;

Fkpz; rpupg;Gk; gdpj;j rilAk; .....” vd ,iwtDf;F cUtk; nfhLj;jpUf;Fk; ghq;Fk; cgeplj topte;j tsh;r;rp epiyNa vdyhk;.

MfNt njhFj;J Nehf;Fk; NghJ ,e;Jjj;Jtg; gug;gpy; mwpTepiyg;gl;l rpe;jidahff; fhzg;gLfpd;w cgepljq;fs; czh;j;jp ,Uf;fpd;w gpukk; Md;kh cyF fd;kk; kWgpwg;G khia xOf;fk; vd;Dk; jj;Jt Muha;r;rp epiyfis irtrpj;jhe;jk; jdJ fUj;J epiy tsh;r;rpf;F Mjhukhff; nfhz;L tsh;j;jJ. ,jidtpl cgepljj;jpy; ifahsg;gl;l Muha;r;rp tbtq;fisAk; irtrpj;jhe;jk; jdJ Muha;r;rp tbtq;fSf;F cukhf ngw;Wf; nfhz;ld. cgepljk; jdJ Muha;r;rpf;fhd vLj;Jf; nfhz;l mwpTj;jsj;ij irtrpj;jhe;jk; mwpTj;jsk;> czh;Tj;jsk;> vd ,uz;lhf jdJ ,aq;Fjsq;fshf khw;wpaikj;Jf; nfhz;lJ irtrpj;jhe;j;jpd; mwpTf; fUt+ykhf ,jagPlkhf cgepljq;fis ngw;Wf; nfhz;likf;F irtrpj;jhe;jk; Muha;r;rp epiyr; rhh;Gfs; cgepljq;fspy; cUtk; ngw;wikf;F rhd;whf mike;jpUf;fpd;wJ.

Mfkq;fspy; irtrpj;jhe;jg;NgW

rptk; vd;Dk; nrk;nghUspy; ciwe;J Cwp mr;rptguk;nghUis rpe;ijf;fpdpjha; Mfpa rkak; irtrkak;. mr;irtkugpy; Ntjq;fs; vt;tsT Kf;fpakhdNjh mijtpl Kf;fpakhdjhf Mfkq;fs; tpsq;Ffpd;wd. rptg;guk;nghUshy; cUthf;fg;gl;ljhfTk; rptg;guk;nghUis czHj;JtjhfTk; tpsq;FtJ ‘irtrkak;’ vd;W fhuzkhfk; tpsq;fpf; $Wfpd;wJ. irtrpj;jhe;j mwptpay; cz;ikfs; xU newpg;gl njhlHe;jpUf;fpd;w epiyapy; rpthfkq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. khrpy;yhf;fhl;rpfshf kiw nghUs;fs; fz;L czHtjw;F chpadthf ,r;rpthfkq;fs; Ntjq;fis tpl mjpfsthfNt nka;apay; tpsf;fj;ij czuf;$bait. ,jidNa “nka;apaw; nfhs;iffspy; cld;ghL nja;tek;gpf;if ,t;topf;if$lhJ” vd NrH.nghd;.,uhkehjd; mtHfSk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH. ,t;tifapy; ,r;rpthfkq;fs; ciuf;fpd;w nka;apaiy Qhdq;fs; Kjy; rhjhuzkhdtHfs; tiu tpyf;fp gf;Ftnka;Jtjw;fhfNt rhpia> fphpia> Nahfk;> Qhdk; vd;Dk; ehw;ghjq;fs; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ,e;epiyg;gl;l rkaj;Jtiu cyfpy; tpsq;Fk; vy;yh rkaq;fspd; Nfhl;ghLfSk; irt rkaj;jtHfSs; Vjhtnjhd;wpy; mlf;fptpLtjhy; irtrkaj;jpy; vy;iyf;F mg;ghy; tpsf;ff;$ba rkak; vJTk; ,y;iy vd nka;fz;lrh];jpuHfs; mWjpapl;Lf; $Wfpd;wd.

,e;epiyapy; vLj;J Muhag; GFfpd;w rpthfkq;fs; vdg;gLk;. rh];jpuq;fspy; ngUe;njhFg;G irtk;> ghfgjk;> N]hkk;> yhFdk; vd ehd;F tifg;gLk;. fuzhfkk; $Wfpd;w epiyapy; fhkpfk; thJsk; <whf cs;s ,Ugj;njl;L rpthfkq;fSk; ,tw;wpd; topj; Njhd;wy;fsha; mike;j cghfkq;fSk; rpj;jhe;jk; vd;gjpy; mlq;Fk;. rpthfkq;fs; vd;w ngUe;njhFg;gpDs; xU gFjpahf mlq;fp tpsq;FtijNa rpj;jhe;j rh];jpuq;fs; vdg;gLk;. Mfkq;fs; rpj;jhe;j irtj;jpd; gpwg;gplkhf njhd;dhNl  tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. vDk; Nfhl;ghl;bw;F Mjhuk; Mfkj;jpNy fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jid fhuzhfkk; $Wfpd;wJ. ,e;epiyg;ghl;by; NkYk; xd;whf rpj;jhe;jk; vd;w nrhw;njhlH jpUke;jpuj;jpy; ifahsg;gl;bUg;gij tpl ,jw;F Kw;gl;l rpthfkq;fspYk; ,j;njhlH ifahsg;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd KidtH v];.gp.rhghuj;jpdk; mtHfs; jdJ ‘irt mfkq;fs; XH mwpKfk;’ (gf;.10 fhkpfhkk;:119>120) vd;Dk; E}ypy; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH. MfNt ,Ugj;njl;L rpthfkq;fSk; rpj;jhe;j rh];jpuq;fs; vd rpthfkq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;tjidAk; mtjhdpf;f Kbfpd;wJ. NkYk; ,f;fUj;Jf;F rhd;W NrHf;Fk; tifapy; fhkpf MfkKk; “jUf;f KiwahYk; Muha;r;rp KiwahYk; Kbe;j nghUis Kiwahf czHj;JtjhfTk; fhkpfk; KjyhditNa rpj;jhe;j rh];jpuq;fs; kw;witnay;yhk; GUtgl;r Ehy;fs;” vd rpthfkj;jpd; rhHGEhyhff; fUjg;ngWk; ,uj;jpdj;jpuaKk; typAWj;jpr; nry;fpd;wJ.

,e;epiyg;gl;l Ma;tpy; Mfkq;fspy; irt rpj;jhe;jf; fUjpay; nrwpT+l;lg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,q;F xt;NthH MfkKk; rhpia> fphpia> Nahfk;. Qhdk; vd ehd;F gFjpfshf mike;jJ. ,it gjp> gR. ghrk; vd;Dk; Kg;nghUs;fisAk; tpsf;fpf; $Wfpd;wd. ,tw;wpy; kpUNfe;jpuk; vDk; cghfkk; Kg;nghUs; gw;wpa Nfs;tp epiy Muha;r;rpf;F rpj;jhe;j tpsf;fk; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwJ. NkYk; ,iw vdg;gLk; gjpiag;gw;wpAk; capH vdg;gLk; gRitg;gw;wpAk; jhisfs; vdg;gLk; ghrq;fisg; gw;wpAk; tphpthf Muha;e;J $Wk; rpthfkq;fs; jdJ Muha;r;rp topfshf itj;j ehw;ghjq;fNs irtrpj;jhe;jg; ngUikia tpsf;fpepw;fpd;wd.

rhpia vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w njhz;LkhHf;fk; ClhfTk; fphpia cd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w rlq;F khHf;fk; ClhfTk; Nahfk vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w Nahf newpf;$lhfTk; Qhdk; vdg;gLk;. Qhdepiyf;$lhfTk; guk;nghUis milayhk; vd;gNj rpj;jhe;jj;JzpG. ,jw;F rhd;whfNt ehy;tH ,e;ehd;FkhHf;fq;fspy; epd;W mile;jij tyuhW czHj;Jk; gl;rj;jpy; rhpia newpapy; epd;wtUf;F> fphpia> Nahf Qhd newpfs; $lhky; vg;gb rptfjp mile;jhHfs; vd;Wk; rhpia newpapy; epw;gtHfSf;F Vida %dW newpfSk; ,y;yhky; Kj;jpg; Ngw;iw milayhkh vd;w Mrq;if vOJtJ epj;jpahl;rkhdNj ‘Md;khtpd; ,e;nrwpg;gpdhy; me;jhukh tpopf;Fk; epiyapy;jhd; xUtUf;F ehw;ghjk; if$Lk;’ vd;gJ mDgtj;njhpT mjhtJ xUtdpd; tho;tpay; gb epiyfs; Nghd;W mike;jpUg;gNj ehw;ghjq;fshFk;. fphpia newp Md;khtpy; gLk;NghJjhd; xUtDf;F njhz;L vDk; czHTNkNyhk;gg;gLfpwJ. ,J ghzpthd mwkhFk; NghJ mtdJ czHT rlq;F ngWk; fphpia newpf;F Nky; vOk;GfpwJ. rlq;F topg;gl;l xOf;fKiw ehsiltpy; Nahf epiyg;gl;l Nahf newpf;F caUfpwJ. Nahfj;jpy; jd;id ,oe;J ehkk; nfl;L XLk;  nrk;nghd;Dk; xg;gNt Nehf;Fk; fhl;rpg;gbtj;jpy; Qhd topg;gl;l Qhd newp caUfpwJ. ,e;newpg;gl;l epiyapy; midj;Jk; mlq;fp gpukk; xd;Nw ngWk; xNu nghUs; vd;w czHT vOe;J Qhd epiyapypUe;J Md;kh Kj;jpg;gbahf NkNy vOtijg; Nghd;W xUtDf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; gf;jpahdJ rhpia> fphpia> Nahfk;> Qhdk; vdg;gy epiyfspy; caHe;J ,Wjpapy; Kj;jpg;Ngw;iw milfpd;wJ. ,JNt Md;khf;fs; czHj;Jk; ehw;ghjnewpapd; rpj;jhe;j tpsf;fkhFk;.

,r;irtrpj;jhe;j Nehf;fpy; Md;khf;fs; Kg;nghUs;fs; gw;wpkl;Lk; jj;JthHj;j epiyfisAk; czHe;jpUf;fpd;wJ ,jid #hpag;gl;zhH jdJ irtrpj;jhe;jk; ghpghi\ vd;Dk; Ehypy; ehy;tif newpfSf;Fk; Kg;nghUSf;Fk; cs;s njhlHGfs; gw;wpg; gpd;tUkhW $WtJ kdq; nfhs;sj;jf;fJ.

rhpia Kjyhd ehd;F ghjq;fSk; jdpj;jdpNa Kg;nghUisg; gw;wpAk; Ngrg;gLfpd;wJ rhpahghjk; vd;gJ Kf;fpakhf Myatopghl;ilf; $WtJ - topghL nra;ag;gLgtuhapUj;jy; gw;wpg; gjpAk; topghL nra;tJ gw;wpg; gRTk; topgLtjw;F rhjdq;fshf  ,iwtdpd; mHg;gzpf;fj; jFe;jitahfTk; tpsq;Fjy; gw;wpg; ghrKk; fhpahghjj;jpy; Muhag;gLfpd;wd.

 

fphpah ghjj;jpy; Kf;fpakhff; $wg;ngWJ jPi\ vd;gJ> jPi\ vDk; fphpiaapy; mDf;fpufk; GhpAk; fUj;jhthf tpsq;Fjy; gw;wpg; gjpAk;> jpUtUisg; ngWjw;Fj; jFjp cilajhf tpsq;Fjy; gw;wpg; gRTk;> Md;khtpdhy; ePf;fj;jf;fit vd;gJ gw;wpg; ghrKk; fphpah ghjj;jpy; Muhag; ngWfpd;wd.

Nahf ghjj;jpy; Kf;fpakhf ,lk;ngWtJ jpahdk; vd;gJ jpahdpf;fg;gLk; nghUshf ,Uj;jy; gw;wpg; gjpAk;> jpahdpf;Fk; fHj;jhthf ,Uj;jy; gw;wpg; gRTk;> jpahdj;jhy; kwf;fj; jFe;jitahf tpsq;Fjy; gw;wpg; ghrKk; Nahfh ghjj;jpy; Muhag; ngWfpd;wJ.

ehd;F ghjq;fSs; Kjd;ikahdJ QhdghjNk> Qhdghjj;jpy; gjp> gR> ghrq;fs; ep&gzk; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.

rpthfkq;fspd; Nahfh ghjq;fspy; $wg;gl;Ls;s Nahfh KiwfisAk; NahfEl;gq;fisAk; njhFj;J aho;g;ghzk; Qhdg;gpufhr KdptH rptNahfuj;jpdk;> rptNahfrhuk; vDk; ,U E}y;fis vOjp ,Uf;fpwhH^.2

,e;epiyapy; Mfkq;fs; czh;j;Jfpd;w Mj;k Njlypy; cs;thq;fg;gLfpd;w ehy;tif newpfspy; czh;j;jg;gLk; fphpahghjk; Mj;kQhdk; gw;wp nrhy;Yk; rpj;jhe;j fUj;J epiyahdJ “irtrpj;jhe;j mDgtj;ij ngWtNj tho;f;ifapd; Kbthd Nehf;fk;. mijg; ngWtjw;Nfw;w jFjpg;ghl;il tUtpg;gJ rpt Gz;zpak;. Gz;zpaq;fspy; cah; Gz;zpak; rptGz;zpak;. rptGz;zpar; nray;fs; midj;Jf;FQ; rpNuhkzpaha;j; jpfo;tJ rptG+ir. gpugQ;r tho;f;ifapy; ngha;ikAk; mRj;j ,ay;GfSNk kdpjid kPskPs ge;jj;jpw;F Mshf;Ftd. mt;tpuz;ilAk; ePf;fp caphpYk; clypYk; Vd; Gw cyfpYq; $lr; rptj;Jt mgptpaf;jpia Vw;gLj;JtJ rptG+ir vd fphpia newpapy; czh;j;jg;gLk; rptG+irtpsf;fj; jj;Jtk; ,t;thW mike;Js;sJ. (irfhtyd; gj;jphpid ) ,jid NkYk; cWjpnra;ak; tifapy; irtehw;ghjq;fshdJ fphpiaNa ikakhff; nfhz;lit ,q;F fphpia vd;W nrhy;yg;gLgit rptG+iria ,r; rptG+iria nka;fz;l Njth; itjPff; fphpiafspdhy; Kj;jp rpj;jpf;Fk; vd;wpUk;Fk; ek;gpf;ifia

“ grpj;Jz;L gpd;Dk; grpg;ghid xf;Fk;

 ,irj;J tUtpidap ypd;gk;….” vd rptQhdNghj 8k; #j;jpuj;jpd; CW czh;j;jp ,Ug;gik nfhz;L rpj;jhe;jj;jpy; fphpiafspd; Kf;fpak; czug;ghyJ.

rpthfkq;fspd; Qhdh ghjj;jpy; irtrpj;jhe;jk;

rpthfkq;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;w ehd;F newpfspy; Qhdh ghjj;jpy;jhd; irtrpj;jhe;jk; ed;F RlHtpLfpd;wJ.

rpthfkq;fspd; ehd;F ghjq;fSs; QhdghjNk rpwg;G tha;e;j jiyikj;jd;ik nfhz;bUf;fpd;wjdhYk; Qhdh ghjg;gFjp NtWgl;L mikahj xd;whFk;. ,jd; mbg;giliaAk; Kjd;ikiaAk; czHe;Jjhd; rpthfkq;fNs ‘rptQhdk;’ vd;W rpwg;ghd Kiwapy; rpthfkq;fspy; Fwpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. NkYk; gukQhdk; mguQhdk; vd ,uz;Lk; rptQhdk; vdg;gLk; mtw;Ws; guQhdj;ijg; Nghjpg;gJ vy;yh Qhdq;fl;Fk; nghJthjypd;> <z;Lr; rptQhdk; vd;wJ mt;tguQhdkhfpa rpthfkNkahk; vd;W khjtr; rptQhd KdptH jkJ khghbaj;jpy; $wpAs;sik ciuf;fj;jf;fJ.³

rptfhkj;jpUNkdp nfhz;Ls;s rptngUkhDf;F nghUshf xt;nthU rpthfkj;jpy; Qhdghjk; vd;W mikfpd;wJ. fhkpf Mfkk; $Wfpd;wJ. Ntjq;fspd; KbTg; gFjp cgepljq;fs; Nghy; Mfkq;fspd; KbTg;gFjp Mfkkhe;jhuk; vDk; nghJg;nghauhy; miof;fg;gl;L Mfkhe;jhuk; vd;gJ rpj;jhe;jk; vd;Dk; nghUs; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,jid “Ntjj;jpd; me;jKk; kpf;f rpj;jhe;jKk;” vd jpU%yUk; rpthfkq;fspy; Qhdgjhf; fUT+yq;fshf miktd Qhdkpj;jk; jpUTe;jpahH jpUf;fspw;Wg;gbahH Nghd;w rpj;jhe;j rh];jpuq;fSk; ,jid cWjp nra;fpd;wJ. ,e; Qhdghjj;jpy; tpsf;fg;gLfpd;w Kg;nghUs;fspy; gRthdJ ghrj;jpy; epd;W ePq;fp gjpia miltjw;Fhpa rh];jpuq;fis tpsf;fp mr;rh];j;jpu Kiwfis Nkw;nfhs;tjhy; milag;gLk; rpj;jhe;jk; Kj;jp epiyapidAk; Qhdghjk; tpsf;fp epw;fpd;wJ.

,d;W Qhdghjq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;w %y Mfkq;fshf  RthyaGtk; nfstutk; kFlk; fpuzk; ngsr;fuhfkk; kpUNfe;jpu Mfkk; kjq;f ghuNkRtu Mfkk; NjtpfhNyhj;juk; vd;gd fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;wpy; xt;nthd;wpd; QhdghjKk; jdpr;rpwg;G tha;e;jit. Mtw;Ws; fpuz Mfkj;jpy; gR ,yf;fzk; mitgykhah gy NtWghLfs; rf;jpepghj tpaf;fk; ,iwtd; jpUNkdp nfhs;Stjd; Nehf;fk; Kjyhd fUj;Jf;fs; El;gkhf tpsq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Jj;Jtq;fs; gw;wpa Muha;r;rpia kjq;f ghuNkRtu MfKk; %tif capH tHf;fq;fspd; ,ay;GfSk; khiyapd; ,ay;GfSk; fd;kk; nray;g;gLk; Kiw ,Utpid xg;G rpj;jhe;j msitay; Kjyhd fUj;Jf;fis ngsr;fhu MfkKk; ,iwtdpd; Ie;njhopiyg; gw;wpAk; rf;jpghjtiffisg; gw;wpAQk; kpUNfe;jpu MfkKk; $Wfpd;wJ. ,t;thwhf cs;NthH Mfkj;jpYk; Qhdghjk; jdpr;rpwg;G tha;e;jjhfTk; rpj;jhe;jk; NgUz;ikfis nfhz;ljhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

jpUKiwfspy; irt rpj;jhe;jk;

Ntjk; Kjy; rpthfk gj;jjpfs; <whfTs;s Kd;ida irt rh];jpuq;fSf;Fk;> m\;lg; gpufuzk; Kjy; gz;lhur; rhj;jpuq;fs; <whfTs;s gpd;ida rh];jpuq;fSf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpNy Njhd;wp mr;rhj;jpuq;fs; $Wk; irtrpj;jhe;jg; nghUspyf;fzj;Jf;F ,yf;fpakhfj; jpfo;td Njthuj;jpUKiwfs;.¹

,k;Kd;ida rhj;jpuq;fs; $Wk; cz;ik KbGfs; gpd;ida rhj;jpuq;fspYk; gpwohJ epiyngwj;jf;f tifapw; irtnka;apaYf;F epj;jpa tho;topg;gditahf ,j;jpUKiwfs; tpsq;Ffpd;wd. me;j rhj;jpuq;fs; ,yf;fz hPjpahfj; jUk; cz;ikfis mDgtq;fshff; nfhz;L ntspf;fhl;Lk; jd;ikapy; ,tw;wpd; kfpik Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpwJ. jkpo; ,yf;fpag; gug;gpy; gy;ytHfhyk; vd;wtiuaiwf;Fs; tUk; fp.gp. 6 – fp.gp.9 tiuahd fhyfl;lj;jpy; gf;jp newpapy; vOe;j ,yf;fpaq;Fs; Kjd;ikahditahfj; jpfo;tJ %tH ghba jpUKiwfNs. ‘jpUKiwfs; jkpo; Ntjk;’ vd;W rpwg;Gf; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; cahpa rpe;jidapy; epd;W mj;jpUKiwfspy; fhzg;gLfpd;w irtrpj;jhe;j nghUz;ikfis njspTgLj;JtNj ,t;tpaypd; Nehf;fkhf mike;jpUf;fpwJ. ,k;Kaw;rpahdJ Njd; epug;gg;gl;l fpz;zj;Jf;Fs; ,dpg;G ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W NjLk; mwpaik Kaw;rpNa if$lg; ngw;W ,Uf;fpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk; Ma;T Nehf;fpw;fika ,tw;wpy; rpe;jhe;jf; fUj;J epiy tsHr;rpapid RUq;fpa tbtpy; vOj;J tpsf;FtNj rhyr;rpwe;jjhFk;.

,e;epiyapy; Kf;jp rhjdkhfpa rpj;jhe;jg; NgUz;ikfisNa jpUKiwfs;> ekJ cs;slf;fkhff; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. Ntjq;fspy; cgepljq;fspy; Muhag;gl;l gjp> gR> ghrk; vDk; ,yf;fz newpg;gl;l Ma;tpid jpUKiwfs; ,yf;fpaeak; gilj;jjhf tpsf;fpr; nry;fpd;wd. irtrpj;jhe;j cz;ikfis mwpT tpsf;fj;ijtpl mDgttpsf;fj;jpd; %yNk czHj;jpr; nry;fpd;wd. nka;apay; Ma;tpy; czHj;jg;gLfpd;w Kg;nghUs;fis Vida rkaq;fs; tpfhuKw;Wf; fhl;b Kuz;fis Kidg;ghf;fpf; nfhz;ld. gjp xd;Nw epiyahd nghUs;. gRTk; ghrKk; mJNghy; jdpahd nghUs;fshfh. mit gjpapy; ,Ue;J mt;tg;NtW Njhd;wp xUq;Ftdthfpa tpidnghUs;fs; vd;W jj;Jtf; Nfhl;ghl;lhsHfs; Kuz;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;f irtrpj;jhe;jk; kl;Lk; gjpia vt;tifapYk; tpfhuKwhj G+uzg; nghUshf nfhz;Lk; Fwpg;gpLk; ,jdhy;jhd;  rpj;jhe;jk; ,d;Wtiu rpfuk; Vwp ,Uf;fpwJ. ,r;irtrpj;jhe;jf; fUj;Jf;F Mjhuk; NrHf;Fk; tifapy; gR> ghrk; vd;gd tpisAk; nghUs;fs; rhd;W tpisahg; nghUl;fs; jhkhfNt cs;s nghUs;fs; vd;W  jpUKiwfSf;$lhf jdJ fUj;jpepiyia typAWj;jpr; nry;fpd;wd. ,jid jpUQhdrk;ge;jH.

“tpidahnjhH  ghprpy;tU gR ghrNt jidnahd;

 jisahapd jtpuy; tUjiytH”

vd tpsf;fpr; nrhy;fpwhH.

,j;jpUKiwfs; %thj Ngud;gpd; KjpHtpy; Kfpo;e;j Qhdf;fdpfshFk;.  rptQhdg; NgWila ,f;fdpfspy; rpj;jhe;j kzk; fkOk; jd;ikapid cyfpw;F czHj;j mfj;jpaH Njthuj;jpul;by; Njthuj; jpUg;gjpfq;fspd; cs;sf;fpilahf jpUtUs;> jpUntz;zPW> mQ;nrOj;Jz;ik> Nfhapw;wpuk;> rptDUtk;> jpUtb> mUr;rid> mbfkepiy vDk; vl;L tifg;gl;l nghUl;gFjpfs; ,lk; ngw;wpUf;fpd;wd. ,jid

“FUtUSk; ntz;zPnwOj;jQ;rk;Nfhapy;

 muDUTk; vd;wit Nkyhf;Fk;....................” vd tUk; ntz;gh Fwpf;fpd;wJ.  ,jidj; njhlHe;J rpe;jhj;jr; nrOk;nghUis ,dpJ tpsf;Fk; jdpj;jdpg; ghlyhf ckhgjp rpthr;rhhpauhy; njhFf;fg;ngw;w ‘jpUKiwj;jpul;L’ vd;gjhFk;. ,j;jpUKiwj;jpul;by; gjpKJepiy> capudtepiy> ,Uz;ky epiy> mUsJ epiy> mUSUepiy> mwpAk; newp> capHtps;ffk; ,d;GWepiy> mQ;nrOj;jUs; epiy midj;NjhH jd;ik vdg; gj;J mjpfhuq;fshfg; gFf;fg;ngw;Ws;sJ. ,k;Kiw FUtUl; gad; vDk; nrhy;Yk; mike;Js;sNjhL ‘jpUtUl;gad; vd;gJ jpUtUl;gDtyhfpa Njthuj; jpUKiwapd; gadhfr; irtrpj;jhe;jj; jj;Jt cz;ikfisr; RUq;fr; nrhy;yp tpsq;f itf;Fk; Nehf;fj;Jld; ,aw;wg;ngw;wJ. ,j;jpUKiwfs; ,UtUs; Kjypa vl;L tifahYk; gjpKJepiy Kjypa vl;bUe;j gy tifahDk; gFj;J Muhag;gl;bUf;fpwJ. Njthuj;jpUg;gjpfq;fs; jpUthrfk; Kjypa irtj;jpUKiwfspd; rhukhf mike;jdNt rptQhd Nghjk; Kjypa rhj;jpuq;fs; MFk;.

NkYk; irtrpj;jhe;j cz;ikfspy; xd;whf fUjg;gLk; cly; ngw;W cyfpy; thOk; Md;khf;fs; fd;k Kbtpy; cliy tplL ePq;fp RtHf;f> eufQ; nrd;W> kPz;Lk; gpwg;ngLf;Fk; vd;gjhFk;. ,j;jj;Jtf; fUj;jpaiy

“jwf;fg; glhj Tliyj; Jwe;Jnte; J}JtNuhL

 ,wg;gd; ,we;jhH rpUtpfk; NgWtd; vwpte;J

gpwg;gd; gpwe;jhw; gpiwazp tha;rilg; gpQ;Qfd;NgH

kwg;gd; nfhNyh ntd;nwd;Ds;sq; fple;J kWfpLNk!

,ij jpUehTf;furH Njthuj;jpy; czHj;jg;gLfpwJ. NkYk;

‘jLj;jhl;bj; jUkdhH VkHnrf;fp tpLk;NghJ

jLj;jhl;nfhs;thd;’ vd Re;ju%Hj;jp Rthkpfs; ciug;gJk; Nehf;fj;jf;fJ.

NkYk; cyf ,ay;nghOq;fpy; ,uT> gfy; vd;w nghOJ ,Ug;gJNghy ,Utpidg; ge;jj;Jf;F cl;gl;Ls;s capHfSf;F tho;tpDila mDgtjij ey;fp mud; thapyhf mij <Nlw;w cs;stNu rptd;. caphpd; tpidr; rhHGg; gb ,d;gk; gyd; nfhLj;jy; Nghy; Jd;gg; gyDk; nfhLj;jhfNtz;batd; MfpwhH. cliy tpl;L capH ePq;fpagpd; mitfspd;  fd;ktpidfSf;Nfw;g mtw;Wf;F RtHf;fg;NgW> eufg;NgW vd;gijAk; mtNu nfhLf;fpd;whH. eufg;Ngw;wpy; tPo;e;j Md;khf;fis mf; fUizapdhy; kPl;nlLj;J mitfisg; NgW miltjw;F nkhopfhl;LgtUk; mtNu vd;W irtrpj;jhe;j Nfhl;ghlhFk; ,jid jpUehTf;furH

“vOtha; ,Wtha; ,yhjd ntq;fl; gpzpjtpHj;J

 tOth kUj;Jt khtd kheuff; Foptha;

 tpOth utHjk;ik tPo;g;gd kPl;gd’

vd ciuf;fpd;whH. ,tw;wpd; top eufj;Jf;Fg; NghFk; Md;kh rpyhpd; tpUg;gg;gbay;yhky; mtw;wpd; ghtj;Jf;F tpNkhrdk; ngWk;nghUl;Nlahk; vDk; cahpa rpj;jhe;j Qhdk; czHj;jg;gLfpwJ.

NkYk; irtrpj;jhe;j jdpj;Jtf; Nfhl;ghlhf mikAk; tplankhd;Wk; jpUKiwfspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mjhtJ Ntnwe;j jj;Jt jhprdq;fspYk; fhzg;glhjthW Md;khf;fSf;F fUiz vd;w tifapy; Jd;gfukhd mDgtq;fisg; ngwr; nra;J gf;Ftj;jpd; top rptfjp milayhk; vd;gjhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,jidj; jpUehTf;furH

     “XJtpj;jha;Kd; iwTiufhl;b mkzFuhNl

      fhJtpj;jha;fl;l Neha;gpzp jPHj;jha; fyj;jUspg;

      NghJtpj;jha; epd;gzpgpiof; fpw;Gsp ak;tshuhy;

      NkhJtpg; gha; cyfg;gha; Kdp tha;fr;rp Nafk;gNd”

vd;W njspTWj;Jfpd;whH. ,jidj; jj;Jtg;gpufhrk; “,r;irapd; mr;RWtpj;jy;” vd;fpwJ.

NkYk; irtrpj;jhe;j ,yf;fzj;jpw;F ,yf;fpakhf tpsq;;Fk; jpUKiwfs; vd;wpUf;ifapy; jkpOf;Nf rpwg;Ghpikahf cs;s jpUKiwg; gz;ghf kpspUk; irtrpj;jhe;jk; jkpo;Qhdf; fyitahFk;. ,e;j Qhdf;fyitapy; jpUQhdrk;ge;j %Hj;jpfsJ jpUg;gjpfq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; irtrpj;jhe;jf; fUj;jpaiy vLj;J Nehf;FNthk;.

     “nre;neyq; fozpg;go ijja NynrOk;

      Gd;id ntz;fpspapw; gtsk; GiuG+e;juha;

      Ez;zp ey;ypik NahHKb Njha;foyPH nrhyPH

      gpd;DnrQ;rilapw; gpiwghk;Gld; itj;Nj”

vDk; ghlypy; gpiwghk;Gld; itj;jjd; jpUTsk; vd;d vd;gjw;fhd tpilfshf mikaf;$bait irtrpj;jhe;j Qhd tpsf;fnkhd;iw ,UKidfspy; czuf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpwJ. xd;iwnahd;W xt;thj NtWNtW cUtk; NtWNtW ,aw;ifAk; ntFthf kype;J fplf;fpd;w ,g;gpugQ;rj;ij rptd; jdJ xNu Mizf;Fs; itj;jpaf;Fk; mtH kfpikahfpa gjpapyf;fzk; ,jpy; tpsf;fplg;gLfpwJ.  ,aw;ifapy; ghk;G kjpf;Fg; gif. Mdhy; rptd; rilapy; mit mtdJ Mizahy; tifjtpHj;J ,zf;fKw;wpUf;fpd;wd. ,J rptid tpl;L mfd;W jphpAk; ge;j tho;tpy; kl;LNk ,g;gif Kfpo;fpwJ. mtid mizj;Jg; ngWk; Kj;jp tho;tpy; giff;F ,lkpy;iy vd;gjidNa fhl;LfpwJ.

,jid mg;gH RthkpfSk; “ghk;nghL jpq;fs; gif jPHj;jhz;lha;” vd;Wk; mUspr; nra;jpUf;fpwhH. rptd; epoypy; Md;khf;fSf;F caHTjho;T gif vJTkpy;iy. vy;yhk; xd;Wjhd; vDk; epiyiaNa ,J Fwpf;fpd;wJ. ,J gpd;dH cyftho;tpaypYk; Md;kh nfhz;baq;Fk; clypYk; me;j clyhy; nra;ag;gLk; njhopyhy; NtWghL fhzg;gLtJ rptNgw;Wf;Fj; jilahFk; vd;gjid “gpj;jh” vd;W mioj;j Re;juH gpd; mDgt Qhd KjpHr;rpapy; “jpy;iytho; jk; mbahHf;FkbNad;” vd Ngjik ghHf;fhJ Md;khf;fnsy;yhk; mtd; epoypy; rHtkak; vd;gjid fhl;bAs;shH. ,J rptQhdg;Ngw;iw mZFk; Md;khf;fSf;F rk mDf;fpuf thjkhf iff;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.