saivam 2

kfhGuhzq;fspd; cs;sikg;gpid tpsf;fp irtrka tsh;r;rpapy; Guhzq;fs; ngWk; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid tpsf;Ff?

Kd;Diu

,e;J rkakugpy; Ntjq;fSf;F mLj;jgbahf cah;epiyapy; itj;njz;zf; $baJ Guhzq;fs; MFk;. ,g;Guhzq;fspd; %ykhfNt ,e;Jrkak; jdJ fUj;Jepiyr; nrwpTfis ciuj;jpUf;fpd;wd. ,g;Guhzq;fspy; kfhGuhzq;fs; $hpa fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; Nehf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;wpd;top ,k;kfhGuhzq;fspd; cs;sikg;gpid tpsf;fpm J irtrka tsh;r;rpapy; ngWfpd;w Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid Muha;tNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

1.0    Guhzq;fs; Xh; mwpKfk;.

1.1    Guhzk; vd;w nrhy;tof;F

Guhzk; vd;w nrhy;Yf;F tuyhW vd;gNj nghUs;. vJ kpfg;gioa fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,d;Wtiuf;Fk; kf;fsplj;jpy; gutp tho;e;J tUfpd;wNjh mijg; Guhzk; vd;W $wyhk; vd Guhzj;jpw;F thAGuhzk; ,t;thW tpsf;fk; jUfpwJ. NkYk; Guhzk; vd;w nrhy; goik vd;Dk; nghUisf; Fwpg;gNjhL GJikahfTk; tpsq;FfpwJ.

Guhzk; - goik> cgepljq;fspYk; rh];jpuq;fspYk; ,r;nrhy; goikiaf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhy;yhf toq;fp tUfpwJ. goikfl;nfy;yhk; goikahd gukd; Guhzd;@ Mjp Guhzd; vd;Nw mtd; miof;fg;ngWfpwhd;. MfNt> goikahd tuyhWfis ,d;Wtiu kf;fisr; nrhy;yr; nra;td vitfNsh mitfs; ahTk; Guhzq;fshf kpfr; rpwe;j ,yf;fpaq;fshf mjh;tzNtj fhyKjNy fUjg;ngw;W tUfpd;wd. Guh + etk; vd;w ,U nrhw;fspd; ,izg;Ng Guhzk;@ nghUs;> goikahAk; vd;Wk; GJikahAk; ,Ug;gJ Guhzk;.

Guhzdhfpa ngUkhdplj;J ,Ue;J te;jikahy; G+uzk; vd toq;fpm J gpd;dh; Guhzk; vdj;jphpe;J (nrhw;jphpG khw;wk;) te;jJ vdf; $Wth;. Guhgp etk; - G+uzk; vdj; jphpe;jJ vd;Wk; $Wth;. ,tw;wpy; Guhgp etkhdJ GuhjdkhAk; $Wth;. ,tw;wpy; Guhgp etkhdJ GuhjdkhAk; GJikahAk; cs;sJ vJNth mJNt Guhzk; vd;W Mapw;W vdTk; nfhs;th;.

“Kd;idg; gok;nghUl;Fk; Kd;idg; gok;nghUNs

 gpd;idg; GJikf;Fk; Ngh;j;Jkg; ngw;wpaNd”

                                                                                    (jp.8.g.7.gh.9)

vd;Dk; kzpthrfhpd; jpUthrfNk ,jw;Fg; Nghjpa rhd;whFk;.

NkYk; goikapy; ,Ue;Jjhd; GJik Njhd;w KbAk; vd;gij ehad;khh;fSk; ciuj;jpUf;fpd;whh;fs;. mth;fspy; mg;gh; GtDhh;j; Njthuj;jpy;

     “ehuzd; ndhL ehd;Kf dpe;jpud;

      thuzd;Fk ud;tzq; Fk;fow;

      G+uzd; jpUg; G+tDhh; Nktpa

      fhuzd; ndid ahUilf; fhisNa”

                             (jp.5.g.65.gh.10)

vd;W ghLtjhYk;> jpUf;fhsj;jpj; jpUj;jhz;lfj;jpy;

     “ ehuzd; fhz; ehd;Kfd; fhz; ehy;Ntjd;fhz;

      Qhdg;ngUq; flw;Nfhh; ehtha; md;d

      G+uzd;fhz; Gz;zpad;fhz; Guhzd;jhd;fhz;”

                             (jp.6.g.8.gh.3)

vd;W Nghw;WtjhYk; ,t;Tz;ikiaj; njspayhk;.

Guhzkk; goikahdJ vd;w nghUs; jUkplj;J Guhjdk; vd;w nrhy;ypd; k&c nkhopNa Guhzk;. vy;Nyhh;f;Fk; Kd;Nd Njhd;wp Kisj;jtdhfpa rptngUkhidg; Guhzd; vdj; Njthuj; jpUKiwfs; $Wfpd;wd.

     “Gz;lhpf; fz;zhDk; G+tpd; Nkiyg;

      Gj;NjSk; fhz;ghpa Guhzd; jhq;fhz;”

                             (jp.6.g.30.gh.9)

vd mg;gh; ngUkhd; MUspr; nra;fpd;whh;. ,yf;fpa tiffspy; goikahd tuyhWfis czh;j;Jk; Ehy; Guhzk; vdg; nghUs;jUk;.

1.2    Guhzq;fspd; Njhw;wKk; tsh;epiyAk;

,e;jpahtpy; kpfg; gioa ,yf;fpaq;fSs; GuhzKk; xd;whFk;. Ntjfhyj;Jf;F Kd;Ng Guhzq;fs; fijtbtpy; toq;fp te;jpUf;fpd;wd. mjh;tz Ntjfhyj;jpy; Guhzq;fs; rpwe;j ,yf;fpaq;fshf fUjg;gl;ld. Guhzk; vd;Dk; nrhy;yhdJ cgepljq;fspYk; kw;w rhj;jpu Ehy;fspYk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. murFkhuh;fs; Kf;fpakhff; fw;f Ntz;ba Ehy;fSs; GuhzKk; xd;W vd;W mh;j;jrh];jpuk; vd;Dk; Ehy; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

,e;jpa gz;ila ,yf;fpaq;fis Ntjq;fs; vd;Wk;> ,jpfhr Guhzq;fs; vd;Wk; ,uz;lhfg; gphpf;fyhk;. Mythology vDk; Mq;fpyr; nrhy;iyj; jkpopy; Guhz kugpay; vdyhk;. Guhz kugpay; vd;gJ kdpjh;fs; kdpjDf;F mg;ghw;gl;lth; MfpNahhpd; mbg;gilf; $Wfisf; FwpaPlhff; nfhz;L tpsq;Fk; fij my;yJ fijf; $Wfspd; njhFjp MFk;. njhlf;ffhy vz;zq;fSf;F nfhLj;j Kjy; tbtk; kuGf; fijfshFk; vd;gh;. njhd;ikahd ehfhPfq;fisf; nfhz;l fpNuf;fk;> vfpg;J> ,e;jpah> Kjypa ehl;L kf;fspilNa ,j;jifa Guhz kuGf; fijfs; tof;fpy; ,Ue;jd.¹

mjh;tzNtjj;jpy; Guhzj;ijg; gw;wp ‘rhkhzp re;jhk;dp Guhzk;’ vdj; jdpg;gl;Lf; $wg;gl;l NghjpYk; mit Guhz ,yf;fpaq;fNs vdf; $wpf;nfhs;s KbahJ. vd;w fUj;Jk; Kd;itf;fg;gLfpwJ. rhe;Njhf;fpa cgepljk; ‘rJh;j;j ,jp`hr Guhzk; gQ;rkk; Ntjhdk; Ntjkpjp’ vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Ntjq;fis tpsf;Ftjw;F Guhzq;fs; gad;gLj;jg; gLtjhf ];kpUjpfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. ,Uf;FNtj #f;jq;fspNy ghpr;rakhd GUutd;> Ch;trp> ruz;A+> Kl;fyd;> Nghd;w fijfs; Guhzq;fspNy fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ghpNkyofhpd; jpUf;Fws; ciuapy; $wpa ePjp ghpghydj;Jf;F ,g;Guhzq;fSk; gpukhz Ehy;fsha;f; fUjg;gl;L te;jd. #j;jpu ,yf;fpaq;fspy;jhd; Guhzk; vd;w Ehy; tiffs; ,Ue;jd vd;gJ ed;whf njhpatUfpwJ. nfsjk jh;k#j;jpuj;jpYk; Mg]jk;gjh;k #j;jpuj;jpYk; Guhzq;fs; $wg;gl;Ls;sd.

kfhghujj;jpYk; Guhzq;fspd; ngah;fs; $wg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. ,g;Guhzq;fs; kfhGuhzk;> cgGuhzk; vd ,Utifg;gLk;. gioa epfz;L Mrphpah;fs; Guhzk; vd;gJ cyfj; Njhw;wk; xLf;fk; kDte;juk; KdpkuG> murkuG Mfpa Ie;J ,yf;fzq;fisAk; nfhz;bUf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W $wpapUf;fpwhh;fs;.

1.3    Guhz ,jp`hrj; njhlh;G

Guhzk; vd;gJ goikahd tuyhw;wpidf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyapy; ,jp`hrj;ijAk; Guhzj;ijAk; Nrh;j;J ,jp`hr Guhzk; vd toq;fpte;jdh;. Guhzq;fs; rkaj;ijf; Fwpj;J vOe;jhYk; mit ,jp`hrj;NjhL xUthW ,it njhlh;Giladtha; cs;sd. kfhghujj;jpy; ngUk; gFjp Guhzj;jpd; ,ay;ig cl;nfhz;lJ. ,uhkhazj;jpYk; rpy gFjpfs; Guhzk; Nghy mike;Js;sd. nfsby;ah; ,jp`hrj;jpd; ,ay;G $Wkplj;Jg; Guhzq;fisAk; mlf;fpdh;. ,jpfhrj;jpd; cs;Siwg; nghUs;fspy; xd;whf ‘,jptpUj;jk;’ vd ,g;gFjpiaf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. ,jptpUj;jk; vd;gJ rhpj;jpu rk;ge;jkhd epfo;r;rp vd;gJ nghUs;gLk;.

rkarhpj;jpuj;ij GuhzKk; tho;tpay; rhpj;jpuj;ij ,jpfhrKk; Fwpj;jpUe;jhYk; rkaKk; tho;Tk; xd;whd epiyapy; xd;wpy; ,d;ndhd;wpd; jhf;fk; ,d;W vOfpd;w jyGuhzq;fs; tiu ,Ue;Nj tUfpd;wd. ,jpfhrj;jpy; Guhzr; nra;jpfs; tUtJk; Guhzj;jpy; ,jpfhrf; fijfs; tUtJk; rka tsh;r;rp epiyf;fhd fhuzpfshfNt fUjg;gLfpd;wd. vdNt ,jpfhr Guhzj;njhlh;ghdJ kyUk; mjd; kzKk; Nghd;W ,e;Jrka cyfpy; rkak; rhh; fUj;Jepiyfis gyNfhzq;fspy; Kd;itg;gjw;F ,j;njhlh;G mtrpa khdjhf ,d;Wtiu Ngzg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.  MfNt ve;j EhyhdJ Guhjd tplaq;fisAk; jw;NghJs;s vjph;fhy epfo;r;rpfisAk; th;zpf;fpwNjh mJ Guhzk; MFk;. ve;jf; fpue;jkhdJ Guhjd epfo;Tfis kl;Lk; th;zpf;fpwNjh mJ ,jpfhrk; MFk;.

1.4    gpw;gl;lfhy tsh;r;rpepiy

,jpfhr Guhzq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fhspjhrh;> ghurp> jz;b> Kjyhd ftpfs; gy;NtW fhtpaq;fis ,aw;wpAs;sdh;. ,uhkazj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L uFtk;r kfhfht;aKk;> kfhghujj;jpypUe;J fpuhjh; I_ePa fht;aKk;> ];fhe;j Guhzj;ijf; nfhz;L Fkhu]kgtfh fht;aKk; vOjg;gl;L cs;sd.

flTl; nfhs;ifapy; Cd;wp epw;gjw;Fk; rka cz;ikfis czh;tjw;Fk; cyfpay; mwnewp tOthJ tho;tjw;Fk; Guhzq;fs; ,d;wpaikahJ tpsf;Fjy; fz;$L. ,jd; mbg;gilapy; ,it tlnkhopapy; mike;jpUg;gdthapDk; ,tw;wpd; fijf; $Wfs; rq;f Ehy;fs; njhlq;fp midj;J jkpo; Ehy;fspYk; vLj;jhsg;gl;Ls;sd.

,tw;wpd; top jpUKiwfspy; Guhzk; gw;wpa nra;jpfis Nehf;Fkplj;J

     “jf;fd;wd; Nts;tp jfh;j;jtd; rhuk; mJtd;W Nfhs;”    (jp.4.gh.847)

vd;w jpUg;G+e;JUj;jpj; Njthuj;jpy; jpUehTf;furh; rptkfhGuhzj;jpy; cs;s jf;fdpd; Nts;tpiaf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. NkYk; Ntj rpthfkq;fs; ,iwtdhy; mUspr; nra;ag;ngw;wd Nghyg; gjpndz; Guhzq;fSk; mt;tpiwtd; jpUTs;sg; ghq;fpd;gbNa Njhd;wyhapd vd;gij jpUQhdrk;ge;jh; jpUitahW Njthuj;jpy;

     “vq;Fkhfp epd;whD kpay; gwpag;glh

      kq;if ghfq; nfhz;lhD kjp #Like;jDk;

      gq;f kpy;gjp ndl;nlhL ehd;Ff; Fzh;Tkha;

      mq;F khDe; nrhd;dhJik ahWiliaaNd”

                                  (jp.2.g.6.gh.6)

vd mUspr;nra;fpd;whh;. NkYk; ,g;Guhzq;fis ‘mUkiwahfkk; Kjy; Ehy;…” vd;Dk; ghlypy; rptQhdrpj;jpahh; GilEhy;fs; vd $WfpwJ.

vdNt Guhzq;fs; gw;wpa gpw;gl;l fhytsh;r;rp epiyahdJ jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;W fhyfl;lq;fspw; $lhf Njhw;wk; ngw;w ,yf;fpaq;fspd; %ykhfTk; Guhzk; gw;wpa nra;jpfSk; fUj;JepiyfSk; mike;J nrd;wNjhL kl;Lky;yhJ gy;yth; fhyj;jpy; ehad;khh;fshy; ghlg;gl;l xt;nthU gjpfKk; xt;nthU jyj;jpd; rpwg;gpid ghbaNjhly;yhJ mtw;wpd; cl;nghUs; me;je;j Myaq;fspd; jyGuhzq;fshfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,J gpw;gl;l fhy jyGuhzj; Njhw;w tsh;r;rpf;Fk; tpj;jpl;lJ. vdNt Guhzk; jdJ tsh;epiyia Guhzk; gw;wpa ,yf;fpar; nra;jpfSf;$lhfTk; Gjpa Gjpa Guhzj; Njhw;wq;fSf; $lhfTk; fz;Lte;jJ. gpw;gl;l fhyq;fspy; Njhd;wpa jyGuhz vOr;rpAk; tshr;rpAk; Guhzj;jpd; Gjpa Gjpa ghpkhzq;fis Njhw;Wtpj;jpUf;fpwJ. ,jd; jhf;fk; <oj;jpYk; rptuhj;jphp Guhzk;> vOtjw;F Jhz;Ljyhf mike;jNjhL ,Ugjhk; Ehw;whz;by; jpUf;NfjPr;ru khd;kpak; vDk; Guhzk; tiuAk; rkatsh;r;rpapy; Guhzq;fspd; nry;thf;F ,d;Wtiu fhzg;gLfpwJ.

1.5    Guhz ,yf;fzk;

Guhzq;fSf;F gpw;fhyj;jpy; vOe;j ,yf;fzq;fs; Ie;jhf Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. mit rh;f;fk; gpujprh;f;fk;> tk;rk;> kd;te;juk;> tk;rpahDrhpjk; vd;gdthFk;. ,d;W epyTfpd;w Guhzq;fspy; ,e;j ,yf;fzq;fisf; fhz;gJ mhpjhfNt ,Uf;fpwJ. ,d;Ws;s Guhzq;fspNy gy jhdk;> tpujk;> jPh;j;jk;> %h;j;jp> jyk;> rpuhh;j;jk;> Kjypatw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.

gpw;fhyj;jpy; Guhzj;Jf;F ,yf;fzk; tFj;jth;fs; gQ;ryf;fzk; cgGuhzq;fSf;Nf chpadntd;Wk; kfhGuhq;fs; jryf;fzk; ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; tpjpj;jdh;. ,tw;iwtpl gpugh> tp\;Z> #hpad;> cUj;jpud;> vd;w nja;tq;fspd; guhf;fpukj;ijf; $WtdthAk; cyfpd; rpU\;b> ];jpjp> rk;`huk;> vd;gdtw;iwAk; mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk;> tPL vd;gdtw;iwAk; $Wfpd;wdthAk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. Guhzq;fs; tho;tpd; vy;yh mk;rq;fisAk; mlf;fpAs;sd vd;W `hpg;gpu]hj;rh];jphp vd;Dk; mwpQh; $Wfpd;whh;.

xUepfo;it tpl kw;nwhd;W Kiwapy; ikakhff; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ ,g;Guhztpaiy Kd;nkhope;NjhUs; mlhy;gh;l;LFd; vd;gtUk;> tpy;nfy;k; Rthh;l;R vd;gtUk; Kf;fpakhdth;. ,th;fspy; mlhy;gh;l;LFd; vd;gth; gy;NtW ,e;Njh – INuhg;gpag; Guhzf;fijfs; xd;Wgl;bUg;gjid nkhopapay; juTfisf; nfhz;L Rl;bf;fhl;bdhh;. ,th; jd;Dila vOgjhk; tajpy; ‘Guhzf; fijfspd; tsh;r;rpapd; fhyfl;lk’; vd;nwhU Ehiy vOjpdhh;. ,e;j Ma;tpy; Guhzf;fijfspy; fhzg;gLk; ,aw;iff; $Wfl;Lj; nja;tPfg; gz;GRl;Ljy; vd;w Nghf;F mbg;gilahf ,Ue;jJ.

,aw;if epfo;Tfspd; kPJ> ,aw;ifg; Guhztpayhsh;fl;F xU neUf;fkhd Gidtpaw; ghq;fhd czh;tpUg;gjid ahUk; kWf;fKbahJ. ,jid ,d;Wtiu ,Uf;fk; fPioj;Njr Fwpg;ghf ,e;jpa> ,yq;if> Guhztpayhsh;fspy; fz;L nfhs;syhk;. Guhzj;jpy; ,aw;ifg; GidT Nfhl;ghnld;gJ fij Kd;dfh;Tf;Fk;> Guhzf;fUf; fhg;Gf;Fk; ,d;wpaikahj tplaj;NjhL kl;Lky;yhJ ,J xU cstpay; rhh;e;j Nfhl;ghlhfTk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpar; rpe;jid ,aw;ifg; GidTf; Nfhl;ghl;Lf;F ClhfTk; tbtk; ngw;W Guhzf; fUj;jpaiy epiyepWj;jp cs;sJ. GaYld; $ba ,bNa Guhzf; fijfspy; Kf;fpakhd cs;slf;fkhf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ. ,jidNa fl;lk; fl;lkhff; fhzg;gLk; Guhzf;fijfs; njhptpf;fpd;wd vd;W Rthh;l;R jk;Kila Guhz ,aypd; Njhw;wk; vd;w Ehypy; njhptpf;fpwhh;.

vdNt ,e;jpa kugpy; Njhw;wk; ngw;w Guhzq;fspd; mikg;GKiw> ,yf;fz mikjpahdJ fw;gidg; Gidtpaypd; fUj;Jtop fUj;Jr; rpe;jid tprpwiy Nkw;nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwJ. ehl;lhhpay; njhy; goq;fijfspd; rkag; ngWkhdf; fl;liktpaiy nfhz;ljhf ,e;jpag; Guhzq;fspd; ,yf;fzk; mike;jpUf;fpwj. ,aw;if top ghl;ilAk;> ,aw;if ,iw,Ug;igAk; epWTk; Kaw;rpfisAk; nfhz;like;jjhf Guhz ,yf;fzk; ,Uf;fpwJ. mwtpOkpaj;ij Nghjidg; gz;gpd; Clhf fsf;fhl;rp tUzidfs; %yk; njhptpf;Fk; gz;GfisAk; Guhz ,yf;fzq;fs; nfhz;like;Js;sd.

2.0    kfhGuhzq;fs;

Ntjq;fspYk; Mfkq;fspYk; $wg;gl;l tplaq;fis rhjhuz kf;fSk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; tifapy; ,yFtopapy; fij epfo;fsj;jpDhL ghj;jpug;gilg;Gf;fSf;F Clhf fij nrhy;Yk; ghq;fpy; rka fUj;Jepiyg; gug;Gif Guhzq;fspd; %yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,g;Guhzq;fs; gw;wp kfhtpj;Jthd; mUiztbNty; Kjypahh; mth;fs;> ‘jkpoh;fs; xU flTl; nfhs;ifia mf;flTs; mUspr; nra;a czh;e;jth;fs; topahfj; jhq;fs; czh;e;J tUtjhff; fUjpaikahy; Muha;r;rpia kpFjpahf Nkw;nfhs;stpy;iy@ kuGtopiaNa nghpjhff; fUjpdh;. vd;whYk; Ntjhe;j tpsf;fj;jpd; jhf;fk; mth;fisg; gw;wpw;W mjdhy; mth;fs; jq;fs; nfhs;ififsg; gy rpd;dq;fs; thapyhfTk;> Gidfijfs; thapyhfTk; ntspapl;L te;jdh;. fUj;Jg; GidfijfNs Guhzq;fs;.’ vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.

jkpOf;Fk; tlnkhopf;Fk; ,Ue;j mj;jpae;jj; njhlh;G fhuzkha; Njtnkhopahk; tlnkhopapy; ,Ue;J Cw;nwLj;J jkpopy; gha;e;j gf;jp nts;sNk Guhzq;fs; vdTk; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. ,g;Guhzq;fs; kfhGuhzq;fs;> cgGuhzq;fs; vd ,Utifg;gLk;. ,tw;wpy; Guhzq;fs; gjpndl;L vd;gJ xU tiuaiw mitaidj;Jk; xU fhyj;jpNy Njhd;wpd vdf; $wKbahJ. rpwpJ rpwpjhfj;jhd; Njhd;wp gjpndl;L vd;dk; vz;zpf;ifiag; ngw;wpUf;Fk;. mit me;je;jf; fhy kf;fspd; kdg;Nghf;ifAk; gof;f tof;fq;fisAk; epWTtdthFk;.

Kw;fhy kf;fs; milahsf; FwpfshYk;> GidfijfshYNk jj;Jtq;fis ntspg;gLj;jp te;jdh;. rptGuhzk; gj;J> khNahd; Guhzk; ehd;F> gpukd; Guhzk; ,uz;L> mf;fpdp> #hpad; ,th;fs; Guhzk; xt;nthd;W vd;why; ,tw;wpypUe;J goq;fhy  kf;fsJ rkaf; Nfhl;ghl;bd; epiyikia XusT Ghpe;Jnfhs;s KbAk;. vdNt rka tsh;r;rpapy; rpwg;gplk; ngWk; Guhzq;fs; gjpndl;L vd;gJ xU tiuaiw. mtw;wpy; rptGuhzk; gj;J vd;gJ xU kuG. MWKfehtyh; rptGuhzq;fs; gj;J vdf; fzf;fpl;L mit rhj;Jtpf Guhzk; vd;W $wpAs;shh;.

Guhzq;fSf;Fk; Xh; ,yf;fz kuG> tiuaiw fhzg;gLfpwJ. mjhtJ fapiyapy; Qhd xspahf tpsq;Fk; nrk;nghUshfpa rptngUkhd; nka;Q;Qhdkhd jj;Jtq;fisj; jd;dpd; xU $whfpa cikatSf;Fk; jd;Dila mwpTf; $whf tpsq;Fk; ee;jp NjtUf;Fk; jpUtha; kyh;e;jUspdhd; vd;Wk; ee;jpNjth; jd;idr; rhh;e;Js;s rdw;Fkhuh; Kjyha Kdpth;fSf;F mtw;iwj; jpUtha; kyh;e;jUspdhnud;Wk; rdw;Fkhu Kdpth; jd; khzhf;fh;fSf;Fk; mth;> mth;jk; khzhf;fh;fSf;Fk; mUs vy;yhg; Guhzq;fSk; Njhd;wp tpsq;Ffpd;wd. ,t;thW Guhzq;fs; te;j tuyhw;iw jkpopy; cs;s fe;jGuhzk;>

     ehjdhh; mUs; ngUee;jp je;jplf;

     NfhjpyhJ czh; rdw;Fkud; $wpl

     thjehuhaz KdptFg;G Xh;e;J czh;

     #jd; XjpaJ %thW njhy;fij

vd;W ciuf;fpwJ.

Mzt Kjypa kyq;fshy; kiwg;Gz;L ahd;> vdJ vd;W khiaahy; kaq;fpr; RoYk; kf;fSaph;fs; mwpe;Jzh;e;J ca;Ak; nghUl;L mhpJk; nghpJkha; Ez;ikNahL mikj;J fhzg;gLk; Guhzq;fshdJ rkatsh;r;rpapy; topghl;L KiwapYk;> tho;tpay; KiwapYk;> jj;Jt KiwapYk; jdJ Mjpf;fj;ijr; nrYj;jpapUf;fpd;wd.

,k;Kiwapy; itjpfr; rkar; rhh;gpy; jyikngw;W tpsq;Ftd gjpndz; Guhzq;fshFk;. ,g;Guhz kuG tlnkhopf;Fk; njd;nkhopf;Fk; nghJthapDk; ,tw;Ws; mike;Js;s Guhzq;fspd; mikg;G ntspg;ghl;L Kiwapy; rpWrpW Ntw;Wikfs; cs. tlnkhopapy; ngUk;ghYk; nja;tq;fisg; gw;wpa tuyhWfNs kpFe;J fhzg;gLk;. fhtpar; Rit Kjypait XusNt fhzg;gLk;. njd;nkhopapy; nja;tPf tuyhWfisAk; mUshsh;fspd; tuyhWfisAk; Guhz mikg;gpy; $Wq;fhy; tUzidg; gFjpfSk; fhtpar;RitfSk; rpwe;J Njhd;Wfpd;wd.

gjpnzd;Guhzq;fSs; Kjd;ikr; rpwg;GilaJ jpUtpisahlw;Guhzk;> jpUj;njhzlh; Guhzk;> fe;jGuhzk; MFk;. ,it %d;Wk; ,iwtdpd; Kf;fz; Nghd;wJ. #hpad; Nghd;W nghpaGuhzKk;> re;jpud; Nghd;W jpUtpisahlw; GuhzKk;> mf;fpdp Nghd;W fe;jGuhzKk; mike;Js;sd.

3.0    Guhzq;fsps; cs;sikg;G

vdNt Guhzq;fspd; cs;sikg;gpid Ie;J tiff;Fs; nfhz;Ltu KbfpwJ. mjhtJ Nghh;gw;wpa nra;jpfs;> Guhz Mrphpah;fs; jhk; fw;wtw;iwnay;yhk; tphpj;Jf; $Wjy;> xOf;fnewp> nja;trpe;jid> rkakuG vd;gd mikfpd;wd. ,tw;NwhL Guhzq;fs; ,k;ik> kWik Mfpa ,uz;Lf;Fk; JizGhpaf; $ba nghUs;fis etpy;fpd;wd. Ntjq;fspy; $wg;gl;l nghUs;fis tpsf;fpf; $WtNj Guhzq;fs; MFk;. Nts;tpfs;> caph;fspd; gilg;G> cyf mikg;G> Nahfk;> Nehd;G> etf;fpuf kz;lyk;> mtw;wpd; Nghf;F> Rth;f;f eufk;> topghL cyfmikg;G> kUj;Jtk;> ehbtprhuiz> ke;jpuk;> Njhj;jpuk;> rFdk; Kjyhd nghUs;fs; gw;wp Guhzk; ciuf;fpd;wd. NkYk; ehl;by; epfOk; nghpaepfo;r;rpfs;> goq;fijfs;> fl;Lf;fijfs; ,tw;wpd; %ykhfr; rka gf;jpiag; ghku kf;fspilNa cz;lhf;FtJk;> rka mwpitg; gutr; nra;tJk; Guhzq;fspd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

,t;tifapy; Nehf;Fkplj;J Guhzq;fs; rkaj;jpd; %y ,yf;fpaq;fshfTk;> rhj;jpu Ehy;fshfTk;> rkatuyhw;W Ehy;fshfTk;> tho;tpay; Ehy;fshfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wd. vkJ gz;ghl;bw;Fhpa ,iwepiyf; fUj;Jf;fshd nja;tq;fspd; nra;jpfspd; %yk; rkak;rhh; tho;tpaiy Kjd;ikg;gLj;Jk; tho;tpay; fsQ;rpaq;fshf Guhzq;fspd; cs;sikg;G tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

vkJ gz;ghL Md;kPfj;NjhL neUq;fpa njhlh;G nfhz;lJ mjw;Nfw;whw; Nghy nja;tq;fspd; ngUik> tuyhW> topghl;L Kiwfs;> fphpia Kiwfs;> jj;Jt tpsf;fk;> rka mwpTiufs;> jhdj;jpd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs;> tpujk;> gf;jp> Nahfk;> tp\;ZtpDila mtjhu kfpik> rptDila ngUik> kUj;Jtk;> ,ir> ,yf;fzk;> Nrhjplf;fiy> fl;blf;fiy> rpw;gf;fiy> tpf;fpuff;fiy> murpay;> murjh;kk;> thdtpay;> Nghd;w gy;NtW nra;jpfis Guhzq;fs; thapyhf mwpa KbfpwJ. vdNt Guhzq;fs; vd;gJ kdpj tho;tpaiy Md;kPfj;NjhL njhlh;G gLj;Jtjhd xU ghykhFk;. caph; th;f;fq;fspd; Md;k Njliy NkNyhq;fr; nra;tjw;fhd cs;sikg;Gf;fisAk; Guhzq;fs; nfhz;lbUf;fpd;wd.

4.0    irtrka tsh;r;rpapy; Guhzq;fspd; gq;F

irtrkak; njd;dhl;by; tsh;r;rp miltjw;F Guhzq;fspd; gq;Fk; Kf;fpakhd xd;whFk;. gy;yth; fhyj;jpy; kPs;vOr;rp nfhz;l irtk; jd;id epiyepWj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;F jpUKiw ,yf;fpa tbtq;fis ifahz;lJ. me;j ,yf;fpaq;fspy; vy;yhk; Guhz nra;jpfSk; Guhz tuhyw;W epfo;r;rpfisAk; $Wtjd; %yk; rka kPs;fl;Lkhdj;ij ehad;khh;fs; nra;jpUf;fpd;whh;fs;. kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; ehl;lhh; ,yf;fpak; vt;thW nry;thf;Fg; ngw;wpUe;jNjh mt;thNw rkaj;jpy; Guhzq;fs; nry;thf;Fg; ngw;wpUe;jd. ,jdhy; jhd; ehad;khh;fs; jq;fs; gjpfs;fs; NjhWk; Guhz tuyhw;Wr; nra;jpfisAk;> Guhzq;fs; $Wfpd;w nra;jpfisAk; Fwpg;gpl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;.

,jd; mbg;gilapy; Nehf;Fk; NghJ Guhzq;fs; rka tsh;r;rpf;F %d;W topfspy; jdJ gq;fpid Mw;wp ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mjhtJ>

1.  ,yf;fpak;

2.  jj;Jtk;

3.  tho;tpay;

vd;gdthFk;. vdNt irtrka tsh;r;rpapy; Guhzq;fspd; gq;F vd;gJ ,e;j %d;W topfspd; %yNk ele;Njwp ,Uf;fpwJ.

,tw;wpy; Kjyhtjhf ,yf;fpa topapid vLj;J Nehf;Fkplj;J jkpo; ,yf;fpatuyhw;wpd; mbbg;gilapy; jkpohpd; tho;tpaiy rq;ffhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J ghh;g;Nghkhdhy; njhy;fhg;gpah; $Wk; njhd;ik vDk; tdg;G Guhz kuGf; fijapidNa Fwpf;Fnkd;h; jkpoz;zy;. rq;fg; ghly;fspy; Guhz kugpayhdJ flTs; ghly;fspy;> gpw mfj;jpiz> Gwj;jpiz ghly;fspy; vd ,UgphpTfspy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. flTs; ghly;fspy; ghpghlypy; jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil> ghujk; ghba ngUe;Njtdhh; ghly;fs; Mfpait mlq;Fk; ,J flTNshL Neubj; njhlh;G nfhz;lit.

,e;jpag; Guhz kugpay; gpuk;kh> tp\;Z> rptd; Mfpa %tUk; Kg;ngUk; flTsh; vdg; Nghw;wg; ngWgth;. ,jd; Ngwhf rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy;  ,k; %th; gw;wpa Guhzf; Fwpg;Gf;fs; mNef ,lq;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;wpd; %yk; Guhzk; gw;wpa gpuf;iQ rq;ffhy kf;fsplk; ,Ue;jpUg;gjhfTk;> rka ek;gpf;iffs;> topghLfs; ,Ue;jjhfTk; mwpa KbtJld; ,yf;fpaj;ij kf;fs; Ritg;gjw;Fk; ,yf;fpag; nghUs;fis ,yFtpy; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; ,yf;fpa Mrphpah;fs; Guhzk; gw;wpa nra;jpfis nfhLf;fNtz;bath;fshf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. mj;Jld; ,yf;fpak; vd;gJ kf;fs; tho;tpaypd; gpujptbtk; Mifahy; kf;fshy; thog;gl;Lf; nfhz;lbUf;fpw nrtptopahf Nfl;fg;gl;L tUfpd;w nra;jpfis ,yf;fpaj;jpy; gjpaNtz;ba NjitAk; Vw;gl;bUf;fpwJ. vdNt Guhzk; rka,yf;fpa tsh;r;rpf;F kl;Lky;yhky; jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpw;Fk; ths;h;rpf;Fk; jdJ gq;fsp;g;gpid toq;fpAs;sNjhL ,e;j ,Utifg;gl;l ,yf;fpa Kaw;rpfspd; Clhf rkak; tsUtjw;F Guhzk; Kf;fpakdjhf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ.

rka ,yf;fpaj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuapy; jpUKiwfspy; njhlq;fp rka rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs;> jyGuhzq;fs; tiuapYk; ,yf;fpa tsh;rpapd; Clhd rka vOr;rp Vw;gLtjw;F Guhzq;fspd; nry;thf;F kpfKf;fpa fhuzkhfpaJ. jpUKiwfisg; gw;wp VyNt Fwpg;gplg;gl;lgbahy; ,dp jyGuhzq;fis Nehf;FNthkhapd; ,j;jyGuhzq;fspd; Nehf;fj;ij kuG kiwapy; Muhapd; mit nja;t ek;gpf;ifiaAk;> rka ek;gpf;ifiaAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L rhpia> fphpia> Mfpa ,t;tpU newpfisAk; tw;GWj;Jk; Kiwapy; jpUf;Nfhapy; topghL G+rid toph> Nehd;G> Kjypatw;iw tpsf;fp ,tw;why; ngWk; gaid kpFjpg; gLj;jpf; $WtijAk; ,j;jyj;jpy; te;J topgl;Nlhh; jhk; nra;j ghtq;fs; ahtw;wpy; ,Ue;Jk; ePq;fp vz;zpatw;iw vy;yhk; vspjpy; va;jpdh; vd;W $WtijAk;>? ,t;thW te;J topgl;Nlhhpy; nghpa nghpa Njth;fs;> Kdpth;fs;> murh;fs;> ahtUk; csh; vd;W $WtijAk; fhzyhk;. Mdhy; mwptpay; newpNahL Nehf;fpdhy; jyGuhzq;fs; ,k;ik tho;T ,dpjhf mika vspa topiaf; fhl;b kWikg; gaidAk; Rl;b epw;gij mwpayhk;. vdNt Guhzq;fspd; Njhw;wk; jhd; jyGuhzq;fs; vOtjw;F fhuzkhdNjhL RUf;fkhd rkaf; fUj;Jf;fis vspjpy; kf;fshy; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; kf;fSf;F> mUfpy; ,Uf;Fk; Guhzq;fshfTk; jyGuhzq;fs; tpsq;Ffpd;wd. ,j;jy Guhzq;fspd; %yk; gytifg;gl;l topghl;L newpfisAk;> topghl;L KiwfisAk;> rka ek;gpf;iffisAk;> jj;Jt cz;ikfisAk; mwpa KbfpwJ. rkak; rhh;e;j midj;J tplaq;fisAk; jyGuhzq;fs; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;W $wptplKbahJ. ,Ug;gpDk; irtrka tsh;r;rpapy; FOkk; rhh;e;j rka tsh;r;rp Vw;gLtjw;F jyGuhzq;fspd; gq;F mtrpakhdjhFk;. ,jdhy; jhd; ,d;Wtiu jyGuhzq;fs; vOe;J nfhz;Ljhd; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,jd; %yk; rka tsh;r;rpapidAk; fhz;Lnfhs;s KbAk;.

mLj;J rkajj;Jt tsh;r;rpapy; Guhzq;fspd; gq;fpid kjpg;gpLkplj;J> Ntjq;fs;> cgepljq;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;w jj;Jt rpe;jidfis ghj;jpug; gilg;gpd; tho;tpay; ghq;fpw;$lhf vLj;Jiug;gdNt Guhzq;fs; MFk;. ,g;Guhzq;fs; rkajj;Jt nka;apaiy ,iwepiyg; ghq;fpw;$lhf epWtp nrk;ik Nrh; tho;tpay; mfkdtsh;r;rpapid NkNyhq;fr; nra;jpUf;fpwJ. njd;dhl;by; vOe;j Guhzq;fs; midj;Jk; irtrpj;jhe;j fUj;jpaiy cs;thq;fpa jj;Jtr; Ruq;fkhf tpsq;FfpwJ. vdNt njd;dhl;by; irtrpj;jhe;j tsh;r;rpf;F Guhzq;fspd; gq;Fk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. mt;tifapy; Kjpypy; fe;jGuhzj;ij vLj;J Nehf;Fk; nghOJ ‘irtrpj;jhe;jq; nfhs;Sk; Kg;nghUspd; ,yf;fz jj;Jt jhw;ghpaq;fis cUtf eilKiwg;gLj;jp mtw;iwf; fjhghj;jpuq;fshf epWj;jpf; fhtpak; gilj;jpUf;fpd;whh; fr;rpag;gh;.’ vd;W ,yf;fpa fyhepjp gz;bjkzp K.fe;ijah mth;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. NkYk; Ntjhfk El;gq;fs; capuhfTk;> Guhzq;fs; clyhfTk; epidf;fg;glNtz;bait vd;Wk;> kaf;fKw;w caph;fs; kyq;fspd; topr; nrd;W my;yw;gl;Lg; gpd;G jpUtUs; czh;T ngw;W ,iwtidg; Nghw;wpj; njsptile;J Kbthd gaid va;jp epw;Fk; epiyNa fe;jGuhzj;jpy; tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ. vd;W fyhepjp nry;tp jq;fk;kh mg;ghf;Fl;b mth;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. NkYk; irtrpj;jhe;jk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;w gQ;rfpUj;jpak; gw;wp ‘Md;k <Nlw;wj;Jf;fhf ,iwtd; mUnshL Gzh;e;J Ie;njhopy; Ghpfpd;whd;. cUTk; ngaUk; njhopYK; ,y;yhj ,iwtd; Ie;njhopy; GhpAk; Nehf;fkhfNt tbtj;ij vLf;fpd;whd;. gQ;rfpUj;jpaj;jpy; mUs; cjaNk Kbe;j KbghFk;. ,t;tUs; cjaj;ijj; Njth;fs; ngw;wJk; ,iwtid Nehf;fp Ntz;bepw;Fk; tuj;ijAk; fe;jGuhzk;

     MjpAk; eLT kPWk; mUtK KUT nkhg;Gk;

     VJTk; tuTk; Nghf;Fk; ,d;gKk; Jd;G kpd;wp

     NtjKq; fle;J epd;w tpkyXh; Fkud; wd;id

     ePjhy; Ntz;L epd;ghy; epd;idNsa epfh;f;f vd;whh;.

vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. ,t;thwhf fe;jGuhzj;jpd; ClhfTk; itrrpj;jhe;jk; tsh;e;J te;jNjhL kf;fs; tho;tpaypy; irtrpj;jhe;jk; gpd;dpg; gpize;Js;sJ vd;gjidAk; fe;jGuhzj;jpd; %yk; fz;L nfhs;s KbfpwJ.

mLj;J nghpaGuhzj;jpd; Clhf irtrpj;jhe;jk; tsh;e;j tpjj;jpid Nehf;Fkplj;J> Nrf;fpohh; ehadhhpdhy; ghlg;gl;l nghpaGuhzk; gy;NtW fsepiyr; nra;jpfisAk; irtrpj;jhe;j tpOkpaq;fisAk; nfhz;like;j rpj;jhe;jf; fUG+ykhf nghpaGuhzk; tpsq;FfpwJ. rhj;jpuq;fspd;  top tpsf;fg;gl;l rpj;jhe;jf; fUj;Jf;fs; rhjhuz kf;fshy; tpsq;fKbahj tplj;J mtw;iw tpsf;FKfkhf vOe;jNj irtrpj;jhe;jk; vdf; nfhs;syhk;. irtrpj;jhe;jj;jpd; ,yf;fz tbtpid rhj;jpuq;fSk; ,yf;fpa tbtpid nghpaGuhzk; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. vdNt nghpaGuhzj;jpd; Clhf irtrpj;jhe;j tho;tpay; Ngrg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

NkYk; nghpaGuhzj;jpy; gjpgw;wpa fUj;jpid Nehf;Fkplj;J> gjp vd;why; fh;j;jh my;yJ KOKjw; flTs; vd;gJ nghUshfpwJ.  ,e;j KOKjiy irtk; rptk; my;yJ rptd; vd;W miof;fpwJ. KOKjw;flTshfpa ,iwtNd mWtifr; rkaj;jpw;Fk; jiytdhfp tpsq;Ffpwhd;. ,f;fUj;ijNa Nrf;fpohh;

     mWrkaj; jiytuha; epd;W mtUf; fpd;guha;

     mWtifg;gl;l rkaq;fshtd Gwg;Gwk; Gwk;

vd;Dk; ghlypd; %yk; ciuf;fpd;whh;. mLj;J gR gw;wpa nfhs;ifia Nehf;Fkplj;J Md;khitg; gR vd;W Fwpg;gpLtJ irt rkaj;jpd; kuG. ghrj;jhy; ge;jk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. Md;khthdJ gjpiag; Nghd;W mehjp. mjhtJ mehjp vd;gJ me;jk; ,y;yhjJ. vdNt MjpAk; ,y;yhjJ vdg; nghUs; gLfpwJ. ,jidNa jpU%yh;

gjpgRghrk; vdg; gfh; %d;wpw;

     gjpapidg; Nghw; gRghrk; mehjp

vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. caphpdpay;G gw;Wf; Nfhbd;wp jdpj;J epy;yh. VjhtJ xd;iwr; rhh;e;J epw;Fk;. irt rpj;jhe;jk; $Wk; nghUl;fs; %d;W mit gjp> gR> ghrk; vd;gjhFk;. mg;gbahdhy; mtw;Wf;Fhpa rhh;Gfs; gjpr;rhh;G> gRr;rhh;G> ,jid ,iwr;rhh;G> cyfr;rhh;G> vdyhkl;. fz;zg;g ehadhh; tuhyw;wpNy mtUf;F ,t;tpUtifr; rhh;Gfs; csthdij mwpayhk;. ,t;thW fhl;rpf;F Gyg;glhj rpj;jhe;jf; fUj;Jfis ghj;jpuq;fspd; cUtkhf;fp fhl;rpg; nghUshf;fp tpsq;f itg;gjpy; Nrf;fpohh; ntw;wp fz;Ls;shh; vd;Nw $wyhk;. mLj;J ghr ,ay;Gfs; gw;wp Nehf;Fkplj;J Nrf;fohh;

     ahf;if jd;ghpR tpid ,uz;Lk; rhUkyk; %d;Wk;

vd;W ghrk; gw;wpf; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. irtrpj;jhje;jk; khiaapy; ,Ue;J Kg;gj;jhW jj;Jtq;fs; tphpe;J Njhd;Wtij tpsf;fpf; $Wk;. jj;Jtq;fs; fz;Zf;F tpsf;Fg; Nghy Md;khTf;Fr; rfy epiyapy; mwpT> ,r;ir> nray;fspd; tsh;r;rpf;Ff; fUtpaha; mike;J tsh;g;gjhy; Nrf;fohh; NgZ jj;Jtq;fs; vd;fpwhh;. jj;JthjPjdhd ,iwtid mila ,it gbfs; Nghy; mikjyhy; ngUF Nrhgdk; vd;W Nrf;fohh; $Wfpwhh;. ,NjNghy; gytifahd irtrpj;jhe;jf; fUj;Jf;fSk; njs;sj; njspthf nghpaGuhzj;jpy; ghlg;gl;Ls;sd. MfNt Guhzq;fspd; top rka tsh;r;rp Vw;gl;lJ vd;gij nghpaGuhzj;jpd; %yKk; fz;Lnfhs;syhk;.

,t;thwhf Guhzq;fspd; %yk; irtrpj;jhe;jk; tsh;epiy fz;Ls;sNjhL ,g;Guhz kuG jyGuhzq;fs; %ykhfTk; rka tsh;rpapid Vw;gLj;jp cs;sikia fz;Lnfhs;syhk; xt;nthU jyj;jpid Rw;wp epfOfpd;w rka tsh;r;rp epiyg; Nghf;Ffs; jyGuhzq;fspd; %yk; Fwpg;gplg;gLtjhy; irtrka tsh;rpapy; Guhzq;fspd; gq;F msg;ghpajhf tpsq;FfpwJ.

mLj;J rka tho;tpay; tsh;r;rpf;F Guhzq;fspd; gq;fspg;gpid Nehf;Fkplj;J rka tho;tpaypy; Kf;fpak; ngWk; tplaq;fshf topghL> Mya mikg;G> fiyfs;> xOf;fk;> Nghd;w rkak; rhh;e;j tho;tpaiy rpwg;ghf Guhzq;fs; vLj;Jf;fhl;b rkatho;tpaNy Kj;jpf;fhd gbKiw vd;W Guhzq;fs; czh;j;jp; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,jid rpwg;ghf nghpaGuhzj;jpy; mbahh;fspd; tho;tpay; Clhf rkatho;tpaiy njspthf vLj;Jf;fhl;ba Nrf;fpohh; mt;tho;tpaYf;$lhf Kj;jpepiy tbtpidAk; fhl;rpg;gLj;jp ,Ug;gNjhL kf;fis mjw;F Mw;Wg;gLj;jpAk; ,Uf;fpwhh;. rka tsh;epiy vd;gJ ntWk; Nghjidfs; %yNkh ,yf;fpa Kaw;rpfs; %yNkh tsh;r;rpailahJ mJ tho;tpay; mZFKiwf;$lhfNt tsh;epiy fhzKbAk; vd;gij Guhzq;fs; %yk; mwpaKbfpwJ.

KbTiu

irtrkaj;jpd; vOr;rp kpF Njhw;wj;jpw;Fk;> mjd; tsh;epiyf;Fk; kfhGuhzq;fSk; mtw;wpd; cs;sikg;GNk fhuzkhf mike;Js;sd. irtk; jdJ fUj;Jf;fis kf;fs; kj;jpapy; vLj;Jr; nry;Yk; Clfkhf Guhzq;fis gad;gLj;jp ,Uf;fpwJ. ,jw;F Guhzq;fspd; cs;sikg;Gk;> mjd; fl;likg;Gk; rka fUj;jpaiy epWTjw;F Vw;wjhf mike;jpUf;fpwJ. rkaj;jpd; top jkpoh;fs; kj;jpapy; tsh;e;j ,yf;fpa> ,yf;fz> mwptpay;> fiyfSf;F Guhzq;fspd; gq;fspg;G Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. Guhzq;fs; Njhw;wpapuh tpl;lhy; rkafUj;Jf;fs; kf;fshy; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s Kbahky; NghapUf;Fk; vd;gJ cz;ikahFk;. MfNt Guhzq;fspd; rpwg;ghf kfhGuhzq;fs; irrkaj;ij tsh;j;jjpy; ngUk; gq;fhw;wp ,Uf;fpd;wd.

cw;Wop cjtpait

1.   KjyhtJ ,e;J kfhehl;L kyh;.

,e;J fyhrhu mikr;R ,yq;if

2.   ehd;fhtJ midj;Jyf irtrpj;jhe;j khehl;L kyh;

jUkGu MjPdk; nrd;id

3.   ,yf;fpa cjak; (ehd;fhk; njhFjp)

Nghuhrphpah; v];.itahGhpg;gps;is

itahGhpg;gps;is epidT kd;wk; nrd;id

4.   tlnkhop ,yf;fpa tuyhW

ethypA+h; eluhId;

fiyQd; gjpg;gfk; nrd;id

5.   irtrka tsh;r;rp

lhf;lh; kh.,uhrkhzpf;fdhh;.

G+q;nfhb gjpg;gfk;

nrd;id

6.   jpUKiwj; jpUnewp – 1

kfhtpj;Jthd; rp.mUiztbNty; Kjypahh;

jkpo;g;gy;fiyf;fofk;

jQ;rhT+h;

7.   fe;jGuhzr; nrhw;nghopTfs;

nry;tp jq;fk;kh mg;ghf;Fl;b

Jh;f;if mk;ghs; Njt];jhdk;

aho;g;ghzk;

8.   ,e;Jg;gz;ghl;L kuGfs;

Nguhrphpah; NfhghfpU\;zd;

aho;g;ghzk;

9.   Njrpa ,yf;fpak;

m.r.Qhdrk;ge;jd;

fof ntspaPL nrd;id

10.  nghpaGuhzk; Xh; Ma;T

m.r.Qhdrk;ge;jd;

fq;if Gj;jf epiyak;

nrd;id

11.  nghpaGuhzr; nrhw;nghopTfs;

fof ntspaPL nrd;id

12.  Nrf;fpohh; je;j nry;tk;

m.r.Qhdrk;ge;jd;

nrd;id

13.  mgpjhd rpe;jhkzp

M.rpq;fhu NtYKjypahh;

rhujh gjpg;gfk; nrd;id

14.  tho;tpay; fsQ;rpak;

jkpo;g; gy;fiyf;fofk;

jQ;rhT+h;

15.  fiyf;fsQ;rpak;

nrd;id

16.  <oj;Jg; Guhzq;fs; (fl;Liu) fyhepjp ngh.G+Nyhfrpq;fk;

,yq;if

17.  jpUg;ngUe;Jiwg; Guhzk;

nrd;id

18.  jpUj;njhz;lh; Guhzk; %yKk; ciuAk;

jUkGu MjPdk;

nrd;id